A Distributed Asynchronous Directional-to-Directional MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Shihab, Emad; Cai, Lin; Pan, Jianping

doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2024085

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Despite the lack of real-world prototypes of dynamically controllable directional antennas, the benefits they provide motivated research efforts at both MAC and routing layer [4,5,7,15,21], in low-power as well as mobile wireless networks. Most times, these leverage simulations or analytical studies based on abstract models of dynamically controllable directional antennas.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Electronically Switched Directional Antenna for Real-World Low-Power Wireless Networks

Öström

Mottola

Voigt

2010

Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks

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Abstract. We present the real-world evaluation of SPIDA, an electronically switched directional antenna. Compared to most existing work in the field, SPIDA is practical as well as inexpensive. We interface SPIDA with an off-the-shelf sensor node which provides us with a fully working real-world prototype. We assess the performance of our prototype by comparing the behavior of SPIDA against traditional omni-directional antennas. Our results demonstrate that the SPIDA prototype concentrates the radiated power only in given directions, thus enabling increased communication range at no additional energy cost. In addition, compared to the other antennas we consider, we observe more stable link performance and better correspondence between the link performance and common link quality estimators.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Electronically Switched Directional Antenna for Real-World Low-Power Wireless Networks

Öström

Mottola

Voigt

2010

Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks

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“…Other variants of DRTS/DCTS-based single-channel non-circular DMAC protocols can be found in [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Reference [19] proposes a basic DMAC protocol and a multi-hop RTS MAC protocol.…”

Section: Drts/dcts-based Single-channel Non-circular Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [20] proposes a DMAC protocol that avoids HoL blocking in mobile ad hoc networks, while reference [21] proposes a receiver-initiated DMAC protocol for handling deafness in ad hoc networks. On the other hand, reference [22] proposes an opportunistic DMAC protocol for multi-hop wireless networks with switched beam directional antennas, while reference [23] proposes a distributed asynchronous directional-to-directional MAC protocol for WAHNs. References [24,25] propose a MAC protocol for directional antenna (MDA) for WAHNs.…”

Section: Drts/dcts-based Single-channel Non-circular Dmac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wong

Chen

Chin

2015

JSAN

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This survey paper presents the state-of-the-art directional medium access control (MAC) protocols in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks (WAHSNs). The key benefits of directional antennas over omni-directional antennas are longer communication range, less multipath interference, more spatial reuse, more secure communications, higher throughput and reduced latency. However, directional antennas lead to single-/multi-channel directional hidden/exposed terminals, deafness and neighborhood, head-of-line blocking, and MAC-layer capture which need to be overcome. Addressing these problems and benefits for directional antennas to MAC protocols leads to many classes of directional MAC protocols in WAHSNs. These classes of directional MAC protocols presented in this survey paper include single-channel, multi-channel, cooperative and cognitive directional MACs. Single-channel directional MAC protocols can be classified as contention-based or non-contention-based or hybrid-based, while multi-channel directional MAC protocols commonly use a common control channel for control packets/tones and one or more data channels for directional data transmissions. Cooperative directional MAC protocols improve throughput in WAHSNs via directional multi-rate/single-relay/multiple-relay/two frequency channels/polarization, while cognitive directional MAC protocols leverage on conventional directional MAC protocols with new twists to address dynamic spectrum access. All of these directional MAC protocols are the pillars for the design of future directional MAC protocols in WAHSNs.

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“…The protocols in [11] and [12] suggested a circular directional RTS in which an RTS packet has to be transmitted multiple times in each direction. This helps to identify the location of the source node by its intended destination who replies a CTS packet at the direction of the source.…”

Section: A Nonbusy-tone-based Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSDMAC: Dual Sensing Directional MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas

Abdullah¹,

Cai

Gebali

2012

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Abstract-Applying directional antennas in wireless ad hoc networks can theoretically achieve higher spatial multiplexing gain and, thus, higher network throughput. However, in practice, deafness, hidden-terminal, and exposed terminal problems are exaggerated with directional antennas, and they cause the degradation of the overall network performance. Although there are several random-access-based medium-access control (MAC) protocols being proposed in the literature for networks with directional antennas, the deafness, hidden-terminal, and exposed terminal problems have yet to be fully solved. In this paper, we present a new MAC protocol called the dual-sensing directional MAC (DSDMAC) protocol for wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas. Different from existing protocols, the DSDMAC protocol relies on the dual-sensing strategy to identify deafness, resolve the hidden-terminal problem, and avoid unnecessary blocking. The integrity of the DSDMAC protocol is verified and validated using Spin, which is a formal protocol verification and validation tool. We further develop an analytical framework to quantify the performance of the DSDMAC protocol and conduct extensive simulations, which verify the accuracy of the analysis. The protocol verification, analysis, and simulation results show the robustness and superior performance of the DSDMAC protocol, which can achieve a much higher network throughput and lower delay utilizing the spatial multiplexing gain of the directional antennas. The results presented in this paper show that the proposed DSDMAC protocol can substantially outperform the state-of-the-art protocols.Index Terms-Access protocols, ad hoc networks, computer simulation, directional antennas, multiple access, system analysis and design.

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A Distributed Asynchronous Directional-to-Directional MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of an Electronically Switched Directional Antenna for Real-World Low-Power Wireless Networks

Evaluation of an Electronically Switched Directional Antenna for Real-World Low-Power Wireless Networks

Directional Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Survey

DSDMAC: Dual Sensing Directional MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas

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