A distributed model of runoff generation in the permafrost regions

Kuchment, L. S.; Gelfan, Alexander; Demidov, V. N.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(00)00318-8

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The model processes and physics appear to have simulated the hydrological cycle well and shown better prediction at the largest scale of evaluation. Using the approaches shown by Kuchment et al (2000) and Semenova et al (2013), parameters developed at Marmot Creek can be transferred to other basins for predictive purposes. Additional falsifying model simulations were instructive in demonstrating the importance and appropriateness of current model parameterisations for the Marmot Creek basin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering these issues, the objectives of this paper are the following: (1) to propose a comprehensive physically based model to simulate all the relevant hydrological processes for a headwater basin of the Canadian Rocky Mountains; (2) to evaluate the model performance against the field observations, including winter snow accumulation, spring snowmelt, spring and summer soil moisture fluctuation, streamflow discharge, and groundwater level fluctuation without any parameter calibration from streamflow records. Estimation of unmeasured model parameters is not by calibration to observed streamflow but by regionalisation based on detailed process research in environmentally similar regions or in the basin itself, as proposed by Kuchment et al (2000) and demonstrated in cold regions mountains by Semenova et al (2013), where model structure is chosen based on analyses of runoff generation processes at a research basin. It is expected that this will not only assess our understanding of hydrology in this environment, but substantially advance the practice of hydrological prediction for ungauged basins, and provide a predictive tool that is sufficiently robust for describing hydrological responses in nonstationary environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Fang

Pomeroy

Ellis

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

114

151

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Abstract.One of the purposes of the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) is to diagnose inadequacies in the understanding of the hydrological cycle and its simulation. A physically based hydrological model including a full suite of snow and cold regions hydrology processes as well as warm season, hillslope and groundwater hydrology was developed in CRHM for application in the Marmot Creek Research Basin (∼ 9.4 km 2 ), located in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Parameters were selected from digital elevation model, forest, soil, and geological maps, and from the results of many cold regions hydrology studies in the region and elsewhere. Non-calibrated simulations were conducted for six hydrological years during the period 2005-2011 and were compared with detailed field observations of several hydrological cycle components. The results showed good model performance for snow accumulation and snowmelt compared to the field observations for four seasons during the period 2007-2011, with a small bias and normalised root mean square difference (NRMSD) ranging from 40 to 42 % for the subalpine conifer forests and from 31 to 67 % for the alpine tundra and treeline larch forest environments. Overestimation or underestimation of the peak SWE ranged from 1.6 to 29 %. Simulations matched well with the observed unfrozen moisture fluctuation in the top soil layer at a lodgepole pine site during the period 2006-2011, with a NRMSD ranging from 17 to 39 %, but with consistent overestimation of 7 to 34 %. Evaluations of seasonal streamflow during the period 2006-2011 revealed that the model generally predicted well compared to observations at the basin scale, with a NRMSD of 60 % and small model bias (1 %), while at the sub-basin scale NRMSDs were larger, ranging from 72 to 76 %, though overestimation or underestimation for the cumulative seasonal discharge was within 29 %. Timing of discharge was better predicted at the Marmot Creek basin outlet, having a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.58 compared to the outlets of the sub-basins where NSE ranged from 0.2 to 0.28. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of 0.15 and 0.17 for comparisons between the simulated groundwater storage and observed groundwater level fluctuation at two wells indicate weak but positive correlations. The model results are encouraging for uncalibrated prediction and indicate research priorities to improve simulations of snow accumulation at treeline, groundwater dynamics, and small-scale runoff generation processes in this environment. The study shows that improved hydrological cycle model prediction can be derived from improved hydrological understanding and therefore is a model that can be applied for prediction in ungauged basins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Fang

Pomeroy

Ellis

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

114

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Permafrost dynamics influence several hydrological processes such as groundwater recharge and runoff generation (Kuchment et al, 2000). Permafrost thaw may also contribute to summertime discharge.…”

Section: Other Hydrological Contributorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacier contribution to streamflow in two headwaters of the Huasco River, Dry Andes of Chile

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Quantitative assessment of glacier contribution to present-day streamflow is a prerequisite to the anticipation of climate change impact on water resources in the Dry Andes. In this paper we focus on two glaciated headwater catchments of the Huasco Basin (Chile, 29 • S). The combination of glacier monitoring data for five glaciers (Toro 1, Toro 2, Esperanza, Guanaco, Estrecho and Ortigas) with five automatic streamflow records at sites with glacier coverage of 0.4 to 11 % allows the estimation of the mean annual glacier contribution to discharge between 2003/2004 and 2007/2008 hydrological years. In addition, direct manual measurements of glacier runoff were conducted in summer at the snouts of four glaciers, which provide the instantaneous contribution of glacier meltwater to stream runoff during summer. The results show that the mean annual glacier contribution to streamflow ranges between 3.3 and 23 %, which is greater than the glaciated fraction of the catchments. We argue that glacier contribution is partly enhanced by the effect of snowdrift from the non-glacier area to the glacier surface. Glacier mass loss is evident over the study period, with a mean of −0.84 m w.e. yr −1 for the period

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“…The rate of evaporation from an unfrozen, snow-free soil is calculated by the formula presented by Kuchment et al (2000).…”

Section: Using Spatial Snow Characteristics For Distributed Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of satellite-derived data for characterization of snow cover and simulation of snowmelt runoff through a distributed physically based model of runoff generation

Kuchment

Romanov

Gelfan

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A technique of using satellite-derived data for constructing continuous snow characteristics fields for distributed snowmelt runoff simulation is presented. The satellite-derived data and the available ground-based meteorological measurements are incorporated in a physically based snowpack model. The snowpack model describes temporal changes of the snow depth, density and water equivalent (SWE), accounting for snow melt, sublimation, refreezing melt water and snow metamorphism processes with a special focus on forest cover effects. The remote sensing data used in the model consist of products include the daily maps of snow covered area (SCA) and SWE derived from observations of MODIS and AMSR-E instruments onboard Terra and Aqua satellites as well as available maps of land surface temperature, surface albedo, land cover classes and tree cover fraction. The model was first calibrated against available ground-based snow measurements and then applied to calculate the spatial distribution of snow characteristics using satellite data and interpolated ground-based meteorological data. The satellite-derived SWE data were used for assigning initial conditions and the SCA data were used for control of snow cover simulation. The simulated spatial distributions of snow characteristics were incorporated in a distributed physically based model of runoff generation to calculate snowmelt runoff hydrographs. The presented technique was applied to a study area of approximately 200 000 km 2 including the Vyatka River basin with catchment area of 124 000 km 2 . TheCorrespondence to: A. Gelfan (hydrowpi@aqua.laser.ru) correspondence of simulated and observed hydrographs in the Vyatka River are considered as an indicator of the accuracy of constructed fields of snow characteristics and as a measure of effectiveness of utilizing satellite-derived SWE data for runoff simulation.

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A distributed model of runoff generation in the permafrost regions

Cited by 59 publications

References 6 publications

Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Glacier contribution to streamflow in two headwaters of the Huasco River, Dry Andes of Chile

Use of satellite-derived data for characterization of snow cover and simulation of snowmelt runoff through a distributed physically based model of runoff generation

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