A Distributed Multichannel MAC Protocol for Multihop Cognitive Radio Networks

Timmers, Michael; Pollin, Sofie; Dejonghe, Antoine; Perre, Liesbet Van der; Catthoor, Francky

doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2029552

Cited by 171 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The dedicated CCC can be implemented by two approaches, namely, licensed CCC and unlicensed CCC [19]. In most existing studies using the dedicated CCC, a licensed channel for the distributed CWN is assumed to exist to act as the dedicated CCC [20][21][22][23][24]. In this way, control packets of the distributed CWN can be exchanged without interference from other systems.…”

Section: Common Control Channel Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on dynamic spectrum access protocols for distributed cognitive wireless networks

Ren

Wang

et al. 2012

J Wireless Com Network

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With the rapid development of wireless communications technologies, radio spectrum has become a type of extremely scarce resources in meeting the increasing demands for broadband wireless services. However, the traditional static spectrum allocation policy leads to severe spectrum underutilization and spectrum shortage problems. The cognitive radio (CR) technology can detect the occupancy of the spectrum and enable the dynamic spectrum access (DSA) to fill the spectrum hole caused by the static allocation policy, and thus has been widely recognized as an efficient approach to solve the above problems. The distributed cognitive wireless network (CWN), which does not have central entities, is one of the major networking architectures applying the CR technology. Correspondingly, the design of DSA in distributed CWNs is crucial, yet challenging, to increasing the utilization efficiency of the wireless spectrum with dynamically-varying occupancy statuses. In this article, we present a survey on DSA protocols for distributed CWNs. In particular, we first address the challenges in the design and implementation of distributed DSA protocols. Then, we categorize the existing distributed DSA protocols based on different criteria, such as spectrum sharing modes, spectrum allocation behaviors, spectrum access modes, the usage of common control channel, spectrum usage strategies, the number of radios, and spectrum sensing techniques. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each category under diverse classification criterion. Moreover, we make a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art distributed DSA protocols using different spectrum access modes, which can be categorized into contention-based, time-slotted, and hybrid protocols. Through the study, we find out that most of distributed DSA protocols fall into the contention-based and hybrid protocols. In addition, the ongoing standardization efforts are also reviewed. Finally, several open research issues for the distributed DSA protocols are presented, such as spectrum handoff based protocols, spectrum prediction based protocols, adaptation of the spectrum-sharing modes, protocols with cooperative spectrum sensing, as well as distributed collision avoidance mechanisms.

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Section: Common Control Channel Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on dynamic spectrum access protocols for distributed cognitive wireless networks

Ren

Wang

et al. 2012

J Wireless Com Network

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“…Para cumplir con esta condición, se han empleado algoritmos que permiten una detección más rápida. Entre ellos, se encuentran: la programaFLyQ GLQiPLFD '3 >@ OD GHWHFFLyQ FRRSHUDWLYD [4], la teoría de parada óptima [5], los procesos de decisión de Markov parcialmente observables (POMDP) [6], y hasta una segunda etapa de sen-VDGR R VHQVDGR ¿QR VL GHVSXpV GH UHDOL]DUVH HO sensado rápido durante la fase ATIM (Ad Hoc 7UDI¿F ,QGLFDWLRQ 0HVVDJH VH WLHQH DOJ~Q JUDGR de incertidumbre frente a la presencia de un PU sobre el canal [7].…”

Section: Hqvdgr Ghwhfflyq Gh Fdqdo \ Dvljqdflyq Gh Uhfxuvrvunclassified

“…Así mismo, en [7] Ɣ HIGH o preferencia alta, cuando el canal ya ha sido seleccionado por el nodo para ser usado en el presente intervalo.…”

Section: Hqvdgr Ghwhfflyq Gh Fdqdo \ Dvljqdflyq Gh Uhfxuvrvunclassified

“…Posteriormente, el nodo receptor debe escoger una base de canales adecuados sobre su PSS y PCL, y enviar un ATIM-ACK que incluye la información del canal para el nodo transmisor. Tan pronto como se recibe este mensaje, el nodo transmisor responde con un ATIM-RES para FRQ¿UPDU HO XVR GHO FDQDO /DV UHVSXHVWDV $7,0 ACK y ATIM-RES también se utilizan para informar a los nodos vecinos el estado del canal, con el ¿Q GH TXH HVWRV FDPELHQ VX 3&/ 6LJXLHQGR HVWH mismo mecanismo, se selecciona el canal en [7], sin embargo, cuando se difunde la trama ATIM-RES sobre el canal de control, los usuarios cognitivos que escuchan los paquetes ATIM, estiman la FDUJD GH WUi¿FR VREUH FDGD FDQDO \ DOPDFHQDQ HVWH valor en el vector SCL (Secundary users Channel Load). De manera que cuando un usuario necesita comenzar una comunicación, selecciona el canal con el menor SCL.…”

Section: $Ffhvr Do Hvshfwurunclassified

“…Este tipo de protocolos dividen la trama de tiempo en dos fases: durante la primera fase o fase de control, cada terminal escucha los mensajes de control para conocer el estado de la red; en la segunda etapa o fase de datos, se realiza la transmisión como tal. Este protocolo presenta dos desventajas: en primer lugar, el canal de datos se desperdicia durante la fase de control y por WDQWR KD\ XQD UHGXFFLyQ HQ OD H¿FLHQFLD GHO VLVWHma [15], [7]; en segundo lugar, la negociación del canal de datos solo se puede realizar durante la fase de control.…”

Section: 'Lylvlyq Gh Idvh 63unclassified

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evolución del protocolo MAC multicanal para redes de radio cognitiva

Guevara

Martínez

Hernández

2013

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Este artículo presenta la evolución del protocolo MMAC-CR (Multichannel MAC protocol for Cognitive Radio). Para ello, se analizan las ventajas que presenta y se estudian aquellas funciones de la radio cognitiva en las cuales el control de acceso al medio tiene una alta influencia, como la movilidad espectral, la detección de canal, la asignación de recursos y el acceso al espectro. También se describen las variaciones del protocolo MMAC-CR de acuerdo con el mecanismo de negociación y reserva que cada una de ellas implementa.

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Optimal spectrum sensing and transmission power allocation in energy‐efficiency multichannel cognitive radio with energy harvesting

Liu

Jia

et al. 2015

Int J Communication

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SUMMARYWe consider an energy-efficiency multichannel cognitive radio (CR) where the secondary user (SU) can harvest the signal energy from the primary user (PU) to supply the power transmission. The goal of this paper is to determine an optimal joint spectrum sensing and transmission power allocation that maximizes the average throughput of the multichannel SU over all the subchannels subject to the constraints of subchannel sensing probabilities, interference power, and total transmission power. The SU harvests the PU energy, which is then converted into electrical energy and stored in the battery if the presence of the PU is detected, while consuming the stored energy to transmit data if the absence of the PU is detected. The allocation scheme is formulated as a joint optimization problem of spectrum sensing time and subchannel transmission power vector, whose optimal solution is obtained through the joint optimization algorithm based on alternating direction optimization. Analytical and numerical results show that the proposed energy-efficiency CR outperforms the traditional CR without energy harvesting, and the transmission power of the energy-efficiency CR improves both with the increasing of the spectrum sensing time and the presence probability of the PU.

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A Distributed Multichannel MAC Protocol for Multihop Cognitive Radio Networks

Cited by 171 publications

References 26 publications

A survey on dynamic spectrum access protocols for distributed cognitive wireless networks

A survey on dynamic spectrum access protocols for distributed cognitive wireless networks

Evolución del protocolo MAC multicanal para redes de radio cognitiva

Optimal spectrum sensing and transmission power allocation in energy‐efficiency multichannel cognitive radio with energy harvesting

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