A Disynaptic Relay from Superior Colliculus to Dorsal Stream Visual Cortex in Macaque Monkey

Lyon, David C.; Nassi, Jonathan J.; Callaway, Edward M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.003

Cited by 204 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…In fact, after V1 damage, cortically blind patients retain a limited visual ability for movement discrimination (4, 6-9), akin to what has been previously observed in animals with V1 destruction (10,11). This spared ability to process simple movement is probably based on the extrageniculostriate connections that motion-sensitive human middle temporal/V5 complex (hMT/V5) has with subcortical structures like the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) or pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (Pulv), as shown in humans and primates (12)(13)(14). However, compared with the perception of single moving dots or simple patches, perception of biological movement in healthy observers seems to recruit more temporal areas along the ventral visual stream, like the superior temporal sulcus (STS) (15, 16) and the fusiform gyrus (FG) (17), as well as subcortical and cortical areas related to visuomotor integration and action preparation, like the superior colliculus (SC), amygdala (Amg), and somatosensory, premotor, and motor areas (17,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Stock

Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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Patients with striate cortex damage and clinical blindness retain the ability to process certain visual properties of stimuli that they are not aware of seeing. Here we investigated the neural correlates of residual visual perception for dynamic whole-body emotional actions. Angry and neutral emotional whole-body actions were presented in the intact and blind visual hemifield of a cortically blind patient with unilateral destruction of striate cortex. Comparisons of angry vs. neutral actions performed separately in the blind and intact visual hemifield showed in both cases increased activation in primary somatosensory, motor, and premotor cortices. Activations selective for intact hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were located subcortically in the right lateral geniculate nucleus and cortically in the superior temporal sulcus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus. Activations specific for blind hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were found in the bilateral superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, amygdala, and right fusiform gyrus. Direct comparison of emotional modulation in the blind vs. intact visual hemifield revealed selective activity in the right superior colliculus and bilateral pulvinar for angry expressions, thereby showing a selective involvement of these subcortical structures in nonconscious visual emotion perception.blindsight | body expressions | consciousness T he visual system encompasses a number of parallel visual pathways (1) of which the primary geniculostriate system processes a wide range of stimulus attributes. Other extrageniculostriate visual routes likely have a much more narrowly specified function, as indicated by their sensitivity to a limited range of spatial frequencies (2), spectral components (3), or motion parameters (4). However, we do not yet have a clear understanding of how these different extrageniculostriate pathways and the visual attributes they process match. Some visual attributes can also be processed by both the geniculostriate pathway and a more specialized extrageniculostriate one.One important example is movement perception. As originally discovered by Kohler and Held (5), movement perception elicits significant qualitative and quantitative differences at the neural as well as at behavioral level compared with static stimuli in the intact brain. These differences likely reflect the high evolutionary value of movement perception and may be especially important for understanding residual visual abilities in the case of striate cortex (V1) damage. In fact, after V1 damage, cortically blind patients retain a limited visual ability for movement discrimination (4, 6-9), akin to what has been previously observed in animals with V1 destruction (10,11). This spared ability to process simple movement is probably based on the extrageniculostriate connections that motion-sensitive human middle temporal/V5 complex (hMT/V5) has with subcortical structures like the lateral geniculate nucleus ...

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Stock

Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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“…The specificity with which these subcortical afferents link to dorsal, rather than ventral, visual areas was recently demonstrated in a study in which transynaptic retrograde tracer was injected into macaque V2, V3, V4 and V5. While the V3 and V5 injections left robust levels of disynaptic label within superficial superior colliculus neurons (and inferior pulvinar), injections into V2 and V4 showed no such label (Lyon, Nassi & Callaway, 2010). Unfortunately, the patient is claustrophobic and unable to undergo more radiological scanning to further investigate the anatomical basis of her preserved function.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Visual Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 92%

Progressive cortical visual failure associated with occipital calcification and coeliac disease with relative preservation of the dorsal ‘action’ pathway

Plant

James-Galton

Wilkinson

2015

Cortex

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We describe the first reported case of a patient with coeliac disease and cerebral occipital calcification who shows a progressive and seemingly selective failure to recognize visual stimuli. This decline was tracked over a study period of 22 years and occurred in the absence of primary sensory or widespread intellectual impairment. Subsequent tests revealed that although the patient was unable to use shape and contour information to visually identify objects, she was nevertheless able to use this information to reach, grasp and manipulate objects under central, immediate vision. This preservation of visuo-motor control was echoed in her day-to-day ability to navigate and live at home independently. We conclude that occipital calcification following coeliac disease can lead to prominent higher visual failure that, under prescribed viewing conditions, is consistent with separable mechanisms for visual perception and action control.

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“…One pathway involves direct connections between the intercalated layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and area MT+/V5, which is especially involved in movement perception (Bridge et al, 2008;Schmid et al, 2010). The other pathway involves a disynaptic pathway connecting the superior colliculus to extrastriate occipito-temporal areas via the visual pulvinar, particularly active in visual-motor integration and "attention blindsight" (Lyon et al, 2010;. The spatiotemporal precision of our results supports and extends these previous findings showing that, if this is indeed the way the stimulus effect reaches the blind hemisphere, this extra-geniculostriate access is activated during the second phase of visual processing and it spreads back into the earlier visual areas in a non-retinotopic manner and without precise time sequencing.…”

Section: Earlier Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal profiles of visual processing with and without primary visual cortex

Ioannides¹,

Poghosyan²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

NeuroImage

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The spatiotemporal profiles of visual processing are normally distributed in two temporal phases, each lasting about 100 ms. Within each phase, cortical processing begins in V1 and traverses the visual cortical hierarchy. However, the causal role of V1 in starting each of these two phases is unknown. Here we used magnetoencephalography to study the spatiotemporal profiles of visual processing and the causal contribution of V1 in three neurologically intact participants and in a rare patient (GY) with unilateral destruction of V1, in whom residual visual functions mediated by the extra-geniculostriate pathways have been reported. In healthy subjects, visual processing in the first 200 ms post-stimulus onset proceeded in the two usual phases. Normally perceived stimuli in the left hemifield of GY elicited a spatiotemporal profile in the intact right hemisphere that closely matched that of healthy subjects. However, stimuli presented in the cortically blind hemifield produced no detectable response during the first phase of processing, indicating that the responses in extrastriate visual areas during this phase are determined by the feedforward progression of activity initiated in V1. The first responses occurred during the second processing phase, in the ipsilesional high-level visual areas. The activity then spread forward toward higher-level areas and backward toward lower-level areas. However, in contrast to responses in the intact hemisphere, the back-propagated activity in the early visual cortex did not exhibit the classic retinotopic organization and did not have well-defined response peaks.

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A Disynaptic Relay from Superior Colliculus to Dorsal Stream Visual Cortex in Macaque Monkey

Cited by 204 publications

References 66 publications

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Progressive cortical visual failure associated with occipital calcification and coeliac disease with relative preservation of the dorsal ‘action’ pathway

Spatiotemporal profiles of visual processing with and without primary visual cortex

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