A dosage response curve for the one rad range: adult risks from diagnostic radiation.

Abstract

Most exposures to low-level ionizing radiation, both diagnostic x-rays and nuclear radiation, occur in the range between 100 milirads and 10 radsthe "one rad range". In the past, the estimates of hazards in this range have been obtained by linear extrapolation from data on persons who were exposed to much higher dosages, generally in the centirad range used in radiotherapy of non-malignant disease. This article presents the first dosage response curve for the one rad range ever to be developed directly from data on men exposed to ordinary diagnostic radiation. The findings are based on approximately 220 men with nonlymphatic leukemia and more than 270 random-sample controls from the Tri-State Survey. The new findings

Radiation Exposure to the Surgeon During Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy and Minimally Invasive Microdiscectomy

“…The latter is a source of ionizing radiation, which has been associated with a myriad of radiation-induced morbidities including local skin or tissue damage, cataracts, solid organ malignancy, and leukemia. [2][3][4][5][6][7] The linear-no-threshold risk model suggests there is a linear dose-response relationship between the development of solid cancer and previous ionizing radiation exposure. 8 Although the enthusiasm for less invasive approaches to spine surgery has grown substantially over the past decade, the extent of radiation exposure to the surgeon during MIS lumbar discectomy has not yet been determined.…”

Alternative Interpretations of Statistics on Health Effects of Low-Level Radiation

“…This consolidation was justified by saying that it avoids cells with five or fewer deaths; but such a phenomenon did not exist in the original data except with doses> 100 rads. It seems inconsistent with the statement in Bross, Ball, and Fallen (1979) that "the shape of the dosage response curve in the vicinity of 1 rad is crucial to the question of whether such exposures represent a serious health hazard." The aggregation of data hides all information about the shape of the dose-response curve in this range.…”

Development of Carcinoma in the Aging Myelodysplastic Population

“…A 2-fold increase in colorectal carcinoma has been noted in nuclear reactor workers with a trunk dose of 12 rad [22J. The calculated trunk dose for a 10-year survivor of paral ysis is 40 rad [23]. //; conclusion, the myelodysplastic population is at an increased risk to develop urinary and colorectal carcino mas.…”