A double-edged sword: The role of NKT cells in malaria and HIV infection and immunity

Vasan, Sandhya; Tsuji, Moriya

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.11.001

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Although the physiological role of NKT cells in bloodstage malaria is unclear [21], we observed a strong malaria-specific NKT cytokine response from HIV(À) participants. In contrast, we observed very little IFNg or TNF production by NKT cells from HIV(þ) participants, a defect that did not improve at M6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A balanced inflammatory response characterized by an early pro-inflammatory and a secondary immunoregulatory response is required to adequately control parasitemia while limiting host pathology [17,18]. Natural killer (NK) T cells, NK cells, and gd T cells have all been implicated in the innate response to malaria [19][20][21]. HIV disease progression is associated with the destruction of CD4 þ T cells, but other cell types including gd T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells have been reported to decrease in number and alter in function in HIV-infected individuals [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV infection deregulates innate immunity to malaria despite combination antiretroviral therapy

Finney

Ayi

Wasmuth

et al. 2013

Aids

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection deregulates innate immunity to malaria despite combination antiretroviral therapy

Finney

Ayi

Wasmuth

et al. 2013

Aids

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“…They are able to attract and activate T, NK and dendritic cells to upregulate the immune system against tumors and microbes and to downregulate it in auto‐immune diseases. Half of the circulating NKT cells are positive for CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4, and are highly infectable . During primary HIV‐1 infection CD4+ NKT cells are depleted more rapidly and heavily than CD4+ T cells and their number is poorly restored under HAART .…”

Section: Immune Activation In Hiv‐1 Infection: a Global Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune activation in the course of HIV‐1 infection: Causes, phenotypes and persistence under therapy

et al. 2015

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Systemic immune activation is a striking consequence of HIV-1 infection. Even in virologically suppressed patients, some hyperactivity of the immune system and even of the endothelium and of the coagulation pathway may persist. Apart from immune deficiency, this chronic activation may contribute to various morbidities including atherothrombosis, neurocognitive disorders, liver steatosis and osteoporosis, which are currently main challenges. It is therefore of major importance to better understand the causes and the phenotypes of immune activation in the course of HIV-1 infection. In this review we will discuss the various causes of immune activation in HIV-1 infected organisms: the presence of the virus together with other microbes, eventually coming from the gut, CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, senescence and dysregulation of the immune system, and/or genetic factors. We will also describe the activation of the immune system: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, NKT and NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages, and neutrophils of the inflammation cascade, as well as of the endothelium and the coagulation system. Finally, we will see that antiretroviral therapy reduces the hyperactivity of the immune and coagulation systems and the endothelial dysfunction, but often does not abolish it. A better knowledge of this phenomenon might help us to identify biomarkers predictive of non AIDS-linked comorbidities, and to define new strategies aiming at preventing their emergence.

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“…This area of NKT-cell research has recently been reviewed elsewhere [80;81]. Since then our group has demonstrated a potent adjuvant effect of NKT ligands, α-Glucuronosylceramide (GSL1) and αGalCer for a cancer vaccine carried by a live attenuated Salmonella vector [82].…”

Section: The Use Of Nkt Ligands As Adjuvants For Cancer Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-tumor potential of type-I NKT cells against CD1d-positive and CD1d-negative tumors in humans

Metelitsa

2011

Clinical Immunology

109

110

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Vα24-invariant Natural Killer T cells (NKTs) are strictly CD1d-restricted, and CD1d expression has been found in several types of leukemia and lymphoma as well as in brain tumors suggesting that these malignancies could be targeted for direct NKT-cell cytotoxicity. Several studies have revealed strong positive associations between the numbers of tumor-infiltrating or circulating NKTs with improved disease outcome in patients with diverse types of CD1d-negative solid tumors. The mechanism by which NKTs mediate anti-tumor activity against CD1d-negative tumors has long remained enigmatic. Recent evidence indicates that NKTs can suppress tumor growth indirectly by targeting CD1d-positive elements of tumor-supportive stroma such as tumor-associated macrophages. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate NKT-cell localization to the tumor site and their interaction with the tumor microenvironment. The discussed strategies for pharmacologic modulation and genetic engineering of NKTs may lead to development of effective and broadly applicable immunotherapies of cancer.

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A double-edged sword: The role of NKT cells in malaria and HIV infection and immunity

Cited by 26 publications

References 103 publications

HIV infection deregulates innate immunity to malaria despite combination antiretroviral therapy

HIV infection deregulates innate immunity to malaria despite combination antiretroviral therapy

Immune activation in the course of HIV‐1 infection: Causes, phenotypes and persistence under therapy

Anti-tumor potential of type-I NKT cells against CD1d-positive and CD1d-negative tumors in humans

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