A double image Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Ramadan, W. A.; El-Tawargy, A. S.

doi:10.1007/s00340-014-5970-3

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Accurate characterization of optical fibers is required in order to know about their functions and performances. There are many methods of optical fibers characterization such as optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, light diffraction, light scattering, optical interferometry, and digital holography [1,3,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Optical interferometry is an effective accurate tool for studying and characterizing optical fibers.…”

Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interference techniques can be classified into either two-beam interferometers such as Michelson, Mach-Zehnder, Pluta polarizing microscope, Lioyd's mirror, etc., or multiple-beam interferometers such as Fabry-Pérot and Fizeau interferometers [1,3,25,[36][37][38][39]. A two-beam interferometer produces a pattern of alternate bright and dark fringes of equal thicknesses when two beams, usually, of equal intensities I o suffering a relative phase difference δ are superposed.…”

Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Wahba¹,

Ramadan²,

El-Tawargy³

2020

Optical Fiber Applications

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Optical fibers are extensively used in modern technology such as sensing, shortdistance and long-distance telecommunications. This motivated many researchers to present different methods in order to characterize optical fibers and determine their refractive index profiles. In addition, variation of refractive index profiles of optical fibers suffering mechanical stresses or other external effects reflects good information about the internal structure of these fibers and how they are responding to these external effects. Optical interferometry and digital holography methods are accurate and effective tools used to achieve this task. In this chapter, we illustrate the application of different types of optical interference on conventional, polarizing maintaining and thick optical fibers. Also, we illustrate some mathematical interpretations (and recently automatic analyzing of interference patterns) that have been used to reconstruct the accurate refractive index profiles of optical fibers. Some experimental interferograms and refractive index profiles are demonstrated as well.

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Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Wahba¹,

Ramadan²,

El-Tawargy³

2020

Optical Fiber Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This interferogram is directly used to calculate the refractive indices and the birefringence of fibers, which are considered as real key to determine the physical and structural properties of fibers (Darudi & Sadat Hosseini, ; El‐Dessouky, ; El‐Dessouky et al, ; El‐Diasty, ; El‐Ghandoor, El‐Ghafar, & Hassan, ; Hamza, Sokkar, El‐Bakary, & Yassien, ; Sokkar, El‐Farahaty, El‐Dessouky, & Hanash, ; Wahba, ). Many authors measured the physical properties of fibers using different interferometric techniques (Nihei & Shimizu, ; Ramadan & El‐Tawargy, ; Ramadan, Wahba, & Shams El‐Din, ). Generally, the fibers are classified into two group isotropic fiber (zero birefringence) and non‐isotropic fiber (with high or low birefringence).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On investigations of refractive indices and birefringence of fiber using duplicate and non‐duplicate micro‐interferograms of double refracting interferometer

El‐Morsy

2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The formula of refractive index of fiber considering the refraction has been reviewed. This formula is used to investigate the effect of refraction on the accuracy of refractive index calculations with different simulated micro‐interferograms of duplicate interference fringes with different fringe shifts order. Also a more accurate formula to calculate the birefringence from the non‐duplicate interference fringes has been derived and tested to calculate the birefringence of simulated and experiment micro‐interferogram. The presented micro‐interferograms were automatically analyzed and the contour lines of the bright fringes were determined using Fourier transform technique. A prepared software program takes the contour line of the fringes and automatically calculate the refractive index, the radius, and the birefringence of fiber. A good result was obtained in case of using immersion liquid matches between the parallel and perpendicular refractive indices of fiber. Formula of refractive index of fiber considering the refraction has been reviewed. The refraction effect on the accuracy of refractive index calculations was presented. More accurate Formula to calculate the birefringence of fiber was derived. Automatic fringe analysis was done for duplicate and non‐duplicate fringes. The contour line of the fringe used directly to calculate the birefringence of fiber.

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A double image Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

On investigations of refractive indices and birefringence of fiber using duplicate and non‐duplicate micro‐interferograms of double refracting interferometer

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