A double law of comparative judgment for the analysis of preferential choice and similarities data

Coombs, Clyde H.; Greenberg, Marshall G.; Zinnes, Joseph L.

doi:10.1007/bf02289712

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(It should be noted in passing that the original categorization of the statements is replicated; that is, again with the exception of Hm3, the extreme hawk statements are ranked above the moderate hawk statements, which in turn are ranked above the mild hawk statements; a perfect ordering is found for the dove statements.) The statements were scaled according to the "double law of comparative judgment" (Coombs, Greenberg, & Zinnes, 1961). This procedure converts the probability with which one statement is judged to be more extreme than another into a distance between the extremity of the two statements, which in turn is converted to a position on the pro-anti continuum; where there were missing comparisons, the incomplete data procedure outlined in Torgerson (1958, pp.…”

Section: Keswts _b the War In Vietnam Is A Costly But Necessarymentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis of the contrast effect and its implications for intergroup communication and the indirect assessment of attitude.

Dawes¹,

Singer²,

Lemons³

1972

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

111

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Experiments I and II were designed to differentiate between alternative interpretations of the contrast effect. Experiment I examines and rejects the hypothesis that the effect is specific to rating scales, since the effect also occurs when subjects are asked to make CDmparative judgments. Experiment II leads to the rejection of the hypothesis that the effect is purely semantic (i.e., specific to situations in which verbal labels are applied to attitudes); when subjects are asked to write items that would be endorsed by people with whom they agree or disagree, they write much more extreme items for those with whom they disagree than for those with whom they agree. In fact, the items subjects write for people with who::n they disagree are not endorsed by those people, the reason most often given being that the items are too extreme. Experiments III, IV, and V demonstrate that the differences are so clear-cut that such attitude statement writing could be used as an indirect measure of attitude. Judges were able to categorize writers' attitudes rather accurately, but accuracy was no greater when the contrast effect was explained to them than when it was not. The implications Df these findings for intergroup conflict are discussed, particularly the implication of a positive feedback effect that will lead to exacerbation of group differences.

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Section: Keswts _b the War In Vietnam Is A Costly But Necessarymentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis of the contrast effect and its implications for intergroup communication and the indirect assessment of attitude.

Dawes¹,

Singer²,

Lemons³

1972

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Indeed, strong support for this view is obtained from the fact that the stochastically dominant orderings for each subject arise from folding the a priori J-Scale at the point corresponding to the "50% point" on the psychometric function obtained from the categorization task. Furthermore, since choices were replicated, the probabilistic versions of his unfolding theory were appropriate (e.g., Coombs, 1958;Coombs et al, 1959), and, accordingly, the selective effects of laterality on stochastic transitivity should be evident. Indeed, for the bilateral-split triples, SST was satisfied almost always, and SST was rarely satisfied with the bilateral-adjacent triples, precisely as expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the probabilistic version of Coombs's unfolding theory (Coombs, 1958(Coombs, , 1964Coombs, Greenberg, & Zinnes, 1959), trial-to-trial variability in the location of the subject's ideal point, I, will exert selective effects on the consistency of binary choices, depending on whether the pair is bilateral or unilateral. Since variability in the ideal point changes the relative proximity of the stimuli to the ideal point in a bilateral pair, ideal point variability adds to the variability in the stimulus representation of bilateral pairs.…”

Section: P(arc)~minmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognition in psychophysical judgment: An unfolding view of comparative judgments of mental workload

Petrusic

Cloutier

1992

Perception & Psychophysics

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An experiment is reported in which it was found that when subjects were required to indicate which of two visual extents was more difficult to categorize as "long" or "short," they executed these categorizations and then measured the distance of the representation ofeach stimulus from the long-short category boundary; the stimulus nearer the boundary was judged to be the more difficult. When they were requested to indicate which was easier to categorize, they selected the alternative that was farther. Coombs's theory of data (1952, 1964) and his unfolding theory of preferential choice (1950, 1964) provided the conceptualization of metacognition in this psychophysical task context. Strong support for the probabilisitic version of unfolding theory was obtained from the observed selective effects of laterality on the levels of stochastic transitivity attained for various classes of triples and the reliably longer times for comparisons with bilateral pairs than with unilateral pairs. The semantic congruity effects obtained, together with the changes in the form of the relationship between probability and response time as a function of practice, can be best accounted for by an evidence accrual theory in which the distances from the active reference point are measured and compared with a criterion on each evidence accrual. No support is provided for the view that propositionally based semantic "ease"-"difficulty" codes serve as the basis for these metacognitive comparative judgments of ease and difficulty.Although theories of the process of comparing perceptual (see Link & Heath, 1975;Luce, 1986;Smith & Vickers, 1988;Townsend & Ashby, 1983), symbolic (see Banks, 1977; Birnbaum & Jou, 1990;Moyer & Dumais, 1978;Petrusic & Baranski, 1991), numerical (see Dehaene, 1989;Link, 1990), and affective (e.g., Busemeyer, Forsyth, & Nozawa, 1988;Petrusic & Jamieson, 1978) magnitudes are now weU developed, the study of the more phenomenal aspects of judgmental choice behavior lags far behind. Recently, Petrusic and Jamieson (1989) initiated both theoretical and experimental investigations of the judgment of the ease of comparative judgments. In their experiments, on some trials, subjects were required to judge whether the stimuli in a pair of brightness patches were the same or different, and on other trials, subjects directly compared two pairs of brightness patches, selectThis research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council grant to W. M. Petrusic. The data reported here were collected as part of an honors thesis submitted by Paula Cloutier to the Psychology Department at Carleton University. Completion of the article was made possible through the marvelous hospitality of the Department of Psychology at the University of Western Australia during Petrusic's study leave. Christine Gatti, Geoffrey Hammond, John Hogben, Chris Pratt, and Tony Gibbs provided hardware, software, and general support throughout. We also thank Joseph Baranski, Ja-Anne leFevre, Neil MacMillan, and an anonymous reviewer for nu...

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“…A large distance between two real objects indicates that they are dissimilar and a large distance between an ideal object and a real object indicates that the real object has a high disutility or low utility. The normality assumption is common in the development ofprobabilistic unidimensional models ofdissimilarity and disutility (Coombs et al 1961). Specifically, for object S,, j = I , ..., n, we let X, = (x,,, .…”

Section: Probabilistic Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Profiling With Probabilistic Multidimensional Scaling

MacKay

O’Mahony²

2002

Journal of Sensory Studies

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Variability is a fundamental characteristic of sensoly profile data. Ignoring the variability may result in biased solutions that cannot be improved by the collection of additional data. Probabilistic multidimensional scaling (PMDS) models provide a means of accounting for the variability inherent in sensory data by using distributions, instead of points, to portray sensory objects. For profile data with high levels of variability, the probabilistic model recovers latent structure parameters very welltraditional deterministic MDS models and principal components analyses (PCA) do not. Advantages of the PMDS models include their parsimony, testability and extensibility. Two particularly attractive PMDS attributes are their ability to relate consumers' expressions of liking to product profiles and their ability to estimate a product's "perceptual share" from liking and profile data. Used as a criterion with what-if modeling. perceptual share estimates enable the evaluation of alternative product development strategies.

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A double law of comparative judgment for the analysis of preferential choice and similarities data

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

An experimental analysis of the contrast effect and its implications for intergroup communication and the indirect assessment of attitude.

An experimental analysis of the contrast effect and its implications for intergroup communication and the indirect assessment of attitude.

Metacognition in psychophysical judgment: An unfolding view of comparative judgments of mental workload

Sensory Profiling With Probabilistic Multidimensional Scaling

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