A dual‐band divide‐by‐2 injection locked frequency divider in 0.35‐μm SiGe BiCMOS

back ratio larger than 3 dB and this value is sufficient for a GPR where the lack of any reflecting ceiling is assumed.In order to complete our experimental characterization and to catch a glimpse of the radiation pattern in the 3D space, we report also the measured diagrams in the yz plane. Figures 6(a) and 6(b) show the measured diagrams for frequencies above and below 800 MHz, respectively: as it can be expected from the knowledge of the radiation diagram of a bow-tie, there is no radiation along the y axis. We observe that in this plane the agreement between the experimental and numerical findings is exceptionally good for all the frequencies taken into account and the gain reaches its maxima around 195 and 295 . CONCLUSIONWe have proposed a planar bow-tie antenna with a structured ground plane whose radiative characteristics are well-suited for wide band pulsed radar working in the 500-1600-MHz band. The directivity is augmented by shaping the ground plane that acts as a reflector; the electronic RF front-end of the radar and the antenna can share the same ground plane and the bow-tie feeding based on a coplanar stripline makes our layout fully compatible with the differential output of a RF chip. Although the maximum gain of the prototype oscillates between about 2.5 and 1 dB in the 800-1600-MHz frequency range, the gain can be lower than 25 dB in the 500-800 MHz range, nevertheless, the antenna can be used over the whole proposed bandwidth thanks to the reflection coefficient below the 210-dB level which guarantees an acceptable working condition for the RF front-end. Obviously, among the major benefits of the proposed planar antenna, in comparison to other antennas used for through-wall and GPRs, there are its low cost and compatibility with mass production.ABSTRACT: In this article, a compact and small coplanar waveguide fed (CPW-fed) monopole antenna is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. In the proposed antenna, the main target is to present a compact structure with a step-by-step design procedure on the patch. The antenna consists of a slotted rectangular patch as radiator, a partial CPW-ground plane. To excite WiMAX/WLAN bands, two Fshaped slits are inserted into the rectangular patch that resonates at the frequencies of 3.5 and 5.4 GHz. By suitable adjusting the lengths of the F-shaped design, much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the lower band of WLAN/WiMAX. The size of the antenna is 15 3 15 3 1.6 mm 3 . A prototype of the designed antenna is constructed and experimentally investigated. The 210 dB S 11 bandwidths of them are (3.15-4.63 GHz) and (4.75-6.62 GHz), respectively, which can cover both the WLAN bands GHz) and the WiMAX bands (3.4-3.6 GHz and 5.25-5.85 GHz). Proper omnidirectional radiation pattern characteristics and enough gains are obtained over the operating bands.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Compact CPW‐FED Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications Using a Pair of F‐Shaped Slits on the Patch

Moradhesari

Naser‐Moghadasi

Gharakhili

2013

“…Figure 3 shows the measured tuning range of a dual‐resonance ILFD circuit implemented in the TSMC 0.35 μm SiGe 3P3M BiCMOS technology [3]. At V tunep = 0 V, the tuning range shows two operation frequency bands.…”

Section: Phase Noise Of Dual‐resonance Ilfdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiband components are of interest in recent radio‐frequency (RF) communications. Dual‐band voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) [1, 2] and dual‐band injection‐locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) [3, 4] are the two of the RF multiband components. Such components require certain number of frequency bands dictated by the system needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase noise formula for dual‐resonance injection‐locked frequency dividers

Jang

Huang

Chang

2012

Self Cite

This letter develops a phase noise formula for injection‐locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) implemented with dual‐resonance LC tank, which consists of a series LC resonator and a parallel LC resonator. In parallel‐tuned single‐resonance ILFD, the output phase noise is set by the noise of the injection signal at low frequency offset from the carrier, while it can be dominated by the divider noise at large frequency offset. The developed theory shows that the phase noise equations of a series‐tuned single‐resonance ILFD and dual‐resonance ILFDs has a common phase noise equation as the one used for a single‐resonance parallel‐tuned ILFD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2491–2494, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27105

“…Recently, dual‐band VCOs [3] and differential ILFDs [4] with dual resonance LC tank have been studied; in these circuits [3, 4], the tank impedance has two peaks in frequency domain. It has been shown [4] that the two impedance peaks are associated with two locking ranges. The dual‐band locking ranges are obtained at a fixed bias, this simplifies the circuit design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐band transformer‐coupled quadrature injection‐locked frequency dividers

Jang

Yang

Chang

et al. 2011

Self Cite

measured VSWR parameter is shown in Figure 7. The measurement results show that the stop band has about 0.225 GHz band width with a reference level of VSWR ¼ 3 and the centre frequency of the notched band is 5.25 GHz at which the higher frequency band of wireless LAN is assigned. CONCLUSIONSAn accurate and sharp band notch performance has been obtained successfully using unequi-arm H-shaped conductor element. The achieved band notch function is based on the electrical coupling between radiating patch and parasitic element, and this principle is helpful in designing other band notch antennas. Other than avoiding conflicts between higher band of WLAN and indoor UWB WBAN services, the band notched TSA can be utilized for stopping other potential services which are in contradiction with existing UWB standard.ABSTRACT: This letter proposes a dual-band divide-by-2 transformercoupled quadrature injection-locked frequency divider (QILFD). The QILFD is composed of a transformer-coupled quadrature voltage controlled oscillator and two injection MOSFETs. The CMOS QILFD has been implemented with the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company (TSMC) 0.18 lm CMOS technology, and the core power consumption is 3.997 mW at the supply voltage of 0.7 V. The tank impedance of the QILFD shows a dual resonance behavior, which leads to a dual-band locking range at a fixed bias condition. At the injection input power of 3 dBm, the low-band and high-band divide-by-2 locking ranges are from 6.90 to 8.56 GHz and 9.52 to 12.10 GHz, respectively.