A Dual Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Test-strip Assay for the Quantitative Determination of Albumin and Creatinine

Abstract

A dual-electrochemical sensor based on a test-strip assay with immunochemistry and enzyme reactions has been developed for the determination of albumin and creatinine. Each nitrocellulose membrane with an immobilization area of an anti-albumin antibody or three enzymes was prepared in the device with three working electrodes for measuring albumin, creatinine, and ascorbic acid, as well as an Ag/AgCl electrode used as a counter/pseudo-reference electrode. The reactions of three enzymes were initiated by flowing a solution containing creatinine to detect an oxidation current of hydrogen peroxide. A sandwich-type immunocomplex was formed by albumin and antibody labeled with glucose oxidase (GOx). Captured GOx catalyzed the reduction of Fe(CN)6 3-to Fe(CN)6 4-, which was oxidized electrochemically to determine the captured albumin. The responses for creatinine and albumin increased with the concentrations in millimolar order and over the range 18.75 -150 μg mL -1 , respectively. The present sensor would be a distinct demonstration for producing quantitative dual-assays for various biomolecules used for clinical diagnoses.

Quantitative and Single-step Enzyme Immunosensing Based on an Electrochemical Detection Coupled with Lateral-flow System

“…The voltammogram obtained by the present device corresponded to that obtained by a device reported previously. 21,22 Thus, the concentration of the redox species flowing in the membrane can be detected with the device.…”

“…Most recently, we reported on novel devices with direct electrochemical detection of a redox species flowing in a membrane. 21,22 However, after a solution containing the target molecule is dropped off on the device, solutions containing labeled antibody and substrates for enzyme reactions should be subsequently applied to achieve both automatic separation of uncaptured labels and an electrochemical reaction of the product generated by the reaction of captured labels. The purpose of this work is to develop a single-step electrochemical immunochromatography for the quantitative detection of model analytes.…”

A Simple, Low Cost, Sensitive, and Portable Electrochemical Immunochromatography Sensing Device to Measure Estrone-3-Sulfate

“…In particular, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are attracting a lot of attention as POCT because they are inexpensive, have easy fabrication and operation, and do not require a pump [ 7 ]. Various detection attempts have been made with µPADs [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], yet the electrochemical method is considered to be more sensitive than the colorimetric method [ 13 ]. On the other hand, µPADs are superior to other methods, such as ELISA, in terms of simplicity, but are inferior in terms of sensitivity.…”

Sensitive Detection of Serum Creatinine Based on β-Cyclodextrin-Ferrocenylmethanol Modified Screen-printed Electrode

“…16 At present, the electrochemical biosensor has great potential as a detection instrument in clinical practice, and there are many reports for sCr detection. [19][20][21] Thompson et al 22 designed an ammonia gas electrode combined with creatinine deaminase (E.C.3.5.4.21) to detect creatinine. Then Kubo et al 23 produced a Clark oxygen electrode also consisting of creatinine deaminase and immobilizing nitrifying bacteria, which was applied to the amperometric determination of creatinine.…”