“…Benatti et al uncovered that IM composed of amorphous materials is a suitable support for loading active materials . Amorphous materials have aroused special attention over catalytic oxidation due to their unique features, such as intrinsic isotropy, short-range order, long-range disorder, larger surface areas, and higher chemical stability. , For toluene oxidation, transition metal oxide catalysts have been extensively investigated, including MnO x , CoO x , FeO x , CeO x , TiO 2 , and CuO x . Besides, mixed metal oxides have been investigated as efficient catalysts, such as Mn–Co mixed oxides, CuO–MnO x bimetallic oxides, Co–Ni bimetal oxides, and CoO x –CeO 2 oxides .…”