A Duck Wearing Boots?! Pragmatic Language Strategies for Repairing Communication Breakdowns Across Genetically Based Neurodevelopmental Disabilities

Barstein, Jamie; Martin, Gary E.; Lee, Michelle; Losh, Molly

doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0064

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Because data came from a larger longitudinal study in which multiple ADOSs were usually available for a given child (i.e., 29% had one ADOS, 54% had two, 15% had three, and 2% had four), calibrated autism severity scores based on the ADOS (Gotham, Pickles, & Lord, 2009) were averaged across multiple ADOSs when available to determine ASD status (see Table 1 for average severity scores). The utilization of longitudinal ADOS assessments is consistent with our prior work (i.e., Barstein, Martin, Lee, & Losh, 2018;Klusek et al, 2014a; and deemed to be the best estimate of, and most valid approach to, determining ASD status using these longitudinal data. Staff members administering and scoring the ADOS achieved reliability either through direct training with the test developers or through intralab reliability per standards outlined by the test developers.…”

Section: Asd Classificationsupporting

confidence: 74%

A Multimethod Analysis of Pragmatic Skills in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome

Martin

Bush

Klusek

et al. 2018

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose Pragmatic language skills are often impaired above and beyond general language delays in individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. This study used a multimethod approach to language sample analysis to characterize syndrome- and sex-specific profiles across different neurodevelopmental disabilities and to examine the congruency of 2 analysis techniques. Method Pragmatic skills of young males and females with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD, n = 61) and without autism spectrum disorder (FXS-O, n = 40), Down syndrome (DS, n = 42), and typical development (TD, n = 37) and males with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder only (ASD-O, n = 29) were compared using variables obtained from a detailed hand-coding system contrasted with similar variables obtained automatically from the language analysis program Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT). Results Noncontingent language and perseveration were characteristic of the pragmatic profiles of boys and girls with FXS-ASD and boys with ASD-O. Boys with ASD-O also initiated turns less often and were more nonresponsive than other groups, and girls with FXS-ASD were more nonresponsive than their male counterparts. Hand-coding and SALT methods were largely convergent with some exceptions. Conclusion Results suggest both similarities and differences in the pragmatic profiles observed across different neurodevelopmental disabilities, including idiopathic and FXS-associated cases of ASD, as well as an important sex difference in FXS-ASD. These findings and congruency between the 2 language sample analysis techniques together have important implications for assessment and intervention efforts.

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Section: Asd Classificationsupporting

confidence: 74%

A Multimethod Analysis of Pragmatic Skills in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome

Martin

Bush

Klusek

et al. 2018

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…In general, pragmatic language delays are often noted in individuals with DS, particularly relative to expectations based on nonverbal cognition [26,[35][36][37][38]. That said, pragmatic strengths are often observed in DS, when compared to individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders [8,39,40]. Sensory and motor impairments, as well as cognitive functioning (e.g., nonverbal MA), have been found to contribute to the expressive language problems of individuals with DS; however, these factors account for a relatively small proportion of the variance in expressive language outcomes [21,23,[29][30][31][32][33][34]36], suggesting a need for research to identify additional factors.…”

Section: Expressive Language Development In Individuals With Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors

Soriano

Thurman

Harvey

et al. 2020

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Background: It is well known that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or fragile X syndrome (FXS) demonstrate expressive language difficulties beginning early in childhood. It is less clear, however, whether expressive language skills change during the adolescent period in these individuals, and if any of these changes are syndrome specific. Studying this, as well as the role of maternal and family-related factors in expressive language development, may provide the foundation for efficacious interventions for adolescents with DS or FXS. Methods: In this study, we examined expressive language trajectories, assessed through conversation and narration, in 57 adolescent males with intellectual disability (ID) (20 DS and 37 FXS) in relation to the diagnostic group (DS vs. FXS) and family-related factors (maternal IQ, maternal psychological distress, closeness in the motherchild relationship, family income, and maternal and paternal education) after adjusting for chronological age (CA) and nonverbal cognition. Results: Changes over repeated annual assessments for males with DS or FXS were observed only during conversation, such as an increase in talkativeness, but a decrease in syntax complexity and lexical diversity. We found a diagnosis-related effect in the change over time in conversational talkativeness favoring those with FXS. Finally, a closer mother-child relationship predicted less decrease over time in lexical diversity during conversation, and participants of mothers who graduated college showed a greater increase in conversational talkativeness over time compared to those of mothers with a high school education. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, during the adolescent period for males with DS or FXS, there is an increase in the amount of talk produced in conversational contexts, but also a decrease in the quality of the language produced. In addition, our results indicate syndrome-specificity for aspects of expressive language development and reinforce the protective role of family-related factors.

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“…Repair and CARS scores were not significantly correlated, suggesting that the relationship identified in our prediction models may be due to Type I error. Perhaps this area of pragmatics is unaffected by the presence of autism symptoms in FXS, as previous studies have demonstrated that children and adolescents with FXS and autism have robust ability to repair (Barstein et al., 2018). Additionally, children with autism in the one-word stage repair 85% of the time, suggesting repair may not be reliant on expressive language skills in children with autism (Keen, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repair has been suggested as an area of specific deficits in males with FXS with co-morbid autism (Barstein et al., 2018). Our multilevel regression models suggested that increased average autism symptomology was related to increased probability of repair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2002) reported that boys with FXS-only between 33 and 65 months old demonstrated a weakness in repairing, relatively little is known about repair in children with FXS. One study suggested that children and adolescents with FXS and FXS with co-morbid autism were strong repairers (Barstein et al., 2018). However, this study’s participants varied greatly in age, such that strong repair skills may have been driven by older participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental trajectory of communication repair in children with Fragile X Syndrome

Fielding-Gebhardt

Warren

Brady

2020

Autism & Developmental Language Impairments

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Background and aims: The development of communicative competence requires both language and social skills. The ability to repair following a communication breakdown is critical for continued conversational interchange and to ensure comprehension of bids for communication. Communication repair demonstrates adequate language and social skills. Children with Fragile X Syndrome have difficulty with language development and social skills, which may result in delays or deficits in repair. Repair may be additionally impaired in children with Fragile X Syndrome and co-morbid autism. This study examined the development of repair in children with Fragile X Syndrome from toddlerhood into middle childhood. Methods: Fifty-five children with Fragile X Syndrome and their biological mothers participated. Data were collected during in-home visits approximately every 18 months. Videotaped mother-child interactions were collected, as well as standardized assessments of language, social skills, and autism symptomology. Results: Children with Fragile X Syndrome acquired the ability to repair at 90% mastery by three-and-a-half years of age. Multilevel logistic regressions predicting probability of repair indicated marginally significant effects of mean length of utterance and number of different words, and significant effects of global social skills and autism symptomology. Effect sizes were small to moderate. Conclusions: Ability to repair was measured in a naturalistic setting, which allowed children with Fragile X Syndrome to utilize repairs in their daily interactions. Although children with Fragile X Syndrome may have delayed development of repair relative to typically developing expectations, in general they nonetheless catch up and demonstrate a robust ability to repair by three-and-a-half years of age. However, this study provides evidence that individual differences in language and social skills may influence ability to repair in children with Fragile X Syndrome. Finally, the relationship between autism symptoms and repair remains unclear, necessitating further exploration. Implications: Given the noted delay in repair in young children with Fragile X Syndrome, clinicians working with this population should target development of this skill as early as possible to maximize successful social interactions. This may be particularly necessary for children with Fragile X Syndrome and co-morbid autism.

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A Duck Wearing Boots?! Pragmatic Language Strategies for Repairing Communication Breakdowns Across Genetically Based Neurodevelopmental Disabilities

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

A Multimethod Analysis of Pragmatic Skills in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome

A Multimethod Analysis of Pragmatic Skills in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome

Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors

Developmental trajectory of communication repair in children with Fragile X Syndrome

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