“…25,26 Second, retailers spend far less than NB manufacturers on R & D, product launch (for example, slotting fee), selling, and image-building for PLBs, 5,25 Abbreviations : PLB -private label brand; NB -national brand. Bontemps et al , 45 Karray and Martin-Herr á n, 46 Mills 48 May increase profi ts and market shares for both NB and PLB…”