A dynamic model of oceanic sulfur (DMOS) applied to the Sargasso Sea: Simulating the dimethylsulfide (DMS) summer paradox

Vallina, Sergio M.; Simó, Rafel; Anderson, Thomas R.; Gabric, Albert Jerome; Cropp, Roger Allan; Pacheco, José Manuel Vilar

doi:10.1029/2007jg000415

Cited by 60 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…In polar regions on the other hand, a coupling between phytoplankton biomass and DMS does exist (Kettle et al 1999). Overall, it appears that surfacewater DMS concentration correlates much better with incident solar irradiance than with carbon biomass (Vallina and Simo 2007), and the question is which processes are responsible for this correlation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In a recent model exercise applied to the Sargasso Sea, the light-induced S:N ratio of phytoplankton, which in the model is a measure for a shift in species composition or physiological adaptation of the DMSP production, and light-induced DMS exudation by DMSP-producing algae were among the crucial processes to reliably predict the DMS summer paradox (Vallina et al 2008). In a sensitivity analyses in which parameters were increased or decreased by 50%, these two processes resulted in 100% change of the annual DMS budget.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo DMSP‐biosynthesis measurements using stable‐isotope incorporation and proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS)

Stefels

Dacey

Elzenga

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Assessing turnover rates of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), precursor of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), under different environmental conditions is fundamental to accurately modeling the marine sulfur cycle. Current gas chromatographic methods only provide net results of all processes acting on the different sulfur pools and are unable to measure fluxes, leaving room for speculation on the controlling factors and magnitudes of turnover processes. Here we present a new method in which stable isotope additions (D 2 O or NaH 13 CO 3 ) are used to follow the in vivo production of DMSP. Incorporation of deuterium or 13 C into DMSP was monitored using a proton-reaction-transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). A growth model was developed to calculate specific DMSP synthesis rates from the progress in mass ratio of labeled versus nonlabeled DMSP over time. Instead of measuring the amount of incorporated isotope, our method uses ratios of molecule masses. This approach has the advantage that the effect of the isotope addition on the change in mass ratio is amplified by the number of positions the label can occupy within the molecule. Application of the method was demonstrated in cultures of the ubiquitous DMSP producer Emiliania huxleyi and further developed for use in short-time incubation studies with water from the Sargasso Sea during July 2004. Very low specific synthesis rates between 0.05 and 0.2 d -1 could be measured. The method is the first to measure in vivo DMSP production rates. It is relatively easy to apply, highly sensitive, and may also be applicable to other biogenic compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo DMSP‐biosynthesis measurements using stable‐isotope incorporation and proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS)

Stefels

Dacey

Elzenga

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…Marlon et al, 2008); and iii) some ecosystems, such as savannas, are essentially fire-regulated systems and would burn regularly irrespective of anthropogenic pressures. However, these are generalizations, and it is likely that in many regions wildfires occur because of a mix of natural and anthropogenic factors (van der Werf et al, 2008). This should be kept in mind when discussing possible climate feedbacks involving wildfires as these feedbacks could be different in the absence or presence of anthropogenic factors.…”

Section: Feedback Processes Involving Wildfiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penner et al (2001) reported global emissions of organic matter of 45-80 Tg a −1 and of black carbon (BC) of 5-9 Tg a −1 for biomass burning (including biofuels). More recent inventories of large-scale (or open) burning rely on remote sensing estimates of fire counts (Generoso et al, 2003) or area burned (Hoelzemann et al, 2004;van der Werf et al, 2004). The range of estimates for annual emissions of particulate organic matter from wildfires is 20 to 35 Tg a −1 (see Fig.…”

Section: The Impact Of Wildfires On Aerosol and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative perturbations are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. Taking into account only the direct radiative effect of changes in the atmospheric burden of natural aerosols, and neglecting potentially large effects on other parts of the Earth system, a global mean radiative perturbation approaching 1 W m −2 is possible by the end of the century. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.

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“…UVR doses) and may be the major driver of the DMS summer-paradox. [16] Is oceanic DMS a globally relevant source of cloud condensation nuclei?…”

Section: What Is the Climatic Factor That Drives Oceanic Dms Productimentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-visiting the CLAW hypothesis

Vallina

Simó

2007

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Over the last twenty years, large and continued research efforts have been invested in deciphering whether oceanic plankton contribute to the regulation of climate by the production and release of cloud-seeding atmospheric sulfur. Our recent research using globally spread observations and satellite-derived data suggest that biogenic sulfur from the oceans represents a major source of cloud-forming aerosols over much of the pristine southern hemisphere oceans. These climate-cooling sulfur emissions respond positively to incoming solar radiation over seasonal cycles, but show a weak response to anthropogenic global warming foreseen for the current century.A global negative feedback between biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) production by the upper-ocean ecosystems and Earth climate has been suggested to occur through the formation of cloud-forming sulfur aerosols in the troposphere and their impact on cloud albedo and the Earth radiative balance.[1] The so-called CLAW hypothesis, although suggestive and not refuted by evidence hitherto, is still highly speculative and some of its main postulates remain unproven. In this essay we seek to contribute to the current knowledge of the oceanic biogenic sulfur cycle and its potential impact on climate by addressing some relevant open questions regarding the CLAW hypothesis.

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A dynamic model of oceanic sulfur (DMOS) applied to the Sargasso Sea: Simulating the dimethylsulfide (DMS) summer paradox

Cited by 60 publications

References 95 publications

In vivo DMSP‐biosynthesis measurements using stable‐isotope incorporation and proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS)

In vivo DMSP‐biosynthesis measurements using stable‐isotope incorporation and proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS)

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

Re-visiting the CLAW hypothesis

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