A Dynamic Recursive Unified Internet Design (DRUID)

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe Dynamic Recursive Unified Internet Design (DRUID) is a future Internet design that unifies overlay networks with conventional layered network architectures. DRUID is based on the fundamental concept of recursion, enabling a simple and direct network architecture that unifies the data, control, management, and security aspects of the current Internet, leading to a more trustworthy network. DRUID's architecture is based on a single recursive block that can adapt to support a variety of communication functions, including parameterized mechanisms for hard/soft state, flow and congestion control, sequence control, fragmentation and reassembly, compression, encryption, and error recovery. This recursion is guided by the structure of a graph of translation tables that help compartmentalize the scope of various functions and identifier spaces, while relating these spaces for resource discovery, resolution, and routing. The graph also organizes persistent state that coordinates behavior between individual data events (e.g., coordinating packets as a connection), among different associations (e.g., between connections), as well as helping optimize the recursive discovery process through caching, and supporting prefetching and distributed pre-coordination. This paper describes the DRUID architecture composed of these three parts (recursive block, translation tables, persistent state), and highlights its goals and benefits, including unifying the data, control, management, and security planes currently considered orthogonal aspects of network architecture.

A Less-Is-More Architecture (LIMA) for a Future internet

“…While this concept of locator-identifier split has the above advantages, its disadvantages are that additional actions are required for every data-plane packet, plus controlplane mapping is required between identifiers and locators. Examples of data-plane overhead include address translations in NPTv6 [9] and DRUID [12], and IP-in-IP tunneling in LISP [5] and shim6 [10]. While the control-plane overhead of mapping from identifiers to locators may seem trivial from a bandwidth perspective, it could add operational costs in troubleshooting misconfigurations.…”

A Survey of the Research on Future Internet and Network Architectures

“…RNA [118] supports non-layered protocol implementations contrary to [116], [117]. It is a framework wherein protocols may be dynamically composed depending on the context relative to the layers below and above.…”

“…The above frameworks adopt modular building blocks to provide flexibility and some [118], [121] adopt a nonlayered structure that enables cross-layer design. In wireless networks, protocols according to the layered architectures may not always provide good performance due to the highly variable nature of wireless links and the resource nature of (mobile) hosts [122].…”

Multihoming aware optimization mechanism

“…Host identity indirection infrastructure (Hi3) [Gurtov et al, 2008] combines secure-I3 and HIP and introduces better multihoming support by introducing identifier layers for service and hosts. Dynamic Recursive Unified Internet Design (DRUID) [Touch et al, 2011] is an architecture where the data, control, management and security planes are unified, so that different planes can act coordinated in the presence of events (attacks, failures, etc). Another proposal with enhanced security support but with limited multihoming capabilities is the Split Naming/Forwarding (SNF) architecture [Jonsson et al, 2003] Hybrid multihoming proposals can follow a map and encapsulation approach as summarized in Table 2.12.…”

“…Proposals like Six/One router [Vogt, 2008] are limited as they only apply to IPv6. DRUID [Touch et al, 2011] presents a unified coordination in the presence of events. Despite following Loc/ID split paradigm, DRUID fails to be a complete specification (e.g.…”