A Dynamic Urban Canopy Parameterization for Mesoscale Models Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Microscale Simulations

Santiago, José Luis; Martilli, Alberto

doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9538-4

Cited by 116 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The overall trend coincides well with the measured data although there are some discrepancies in the magnitude of the maximum TKE budget near the building roofs. This also reflects a similar finding to Santiago and Martilli (2010). For the dissipation term (ε), there is a significant over-estimation from the CIM computation at the roof level (see Figure 9C).…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Data From Bubblesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…To take this into account, Santiago and Martilli (2010) proposed a new formulation. They argued that inside the canopy the mixing length was close to a constant which corresponds to the findings of Raupach et al (1996).…”

Section: Use Of the Vertical Distribution Of Porosities In The Computmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formulation of the simplified 1D Navier-Stokes equations is then extended to account for heterogeneous obstacles in the airflow. An extension of Santiago and Martilli (2010) formulation for the mixing length is proposed and a discretisation based on Finite Volume Method is implemented to solve the 1D equations. The results calculated with CIM are compared with different kind of results: with the boundary layer laws on flat surfaces (neutral and stratified flows), with results from Large Eddy Simulation (LES) performed over series of obstacles and with experimental data measured during the BUBBLE measurement campaign in Basel (Switzerland).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Coherence in the Boundary Layer: Development of a Canopy Interface Model

et al. 2017

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A 1D Canopy Interface Model (CIM) is developed to act as an interface between a meso-scale and a micro-scale atmospheric model and to better resolve the surface turbulent fluxes in the urban canopy layer. A new discretisation is proposed to solve the TKE equation finding solutions that remain fully concordant with the surface layer theories developed for neutral flows over flat surfaces. A correction is added in the buoyancy term of the TKE equation to improve consistency with the Monin-Obukhov surface layer theory. Obstacles of varying heights and dimensions are taken into account by introducing specific terms in the equations and by modifying the mixing length formulation in the canopy layer. The results produced by CIM are then compared with wind and TKE profiles simulated with a LES experiment and results obtained during the BUBBLE meteorological intensive observation campaign. It is shown that the CIM computations are in good agreement with the results simulated by the LES as well as the measurements from BUBBLE. The applicability of the correction term in an urban canopy layer and to further validate CIM in multiple stability conditions and various urban configurations is discussed.

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Section: Comparison With Experimental Data From Bubblesupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Use Of the Vertical Distribution Of Porosities In The Computmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Coherence in the Boundary Layer: Development of a Canopy Interface Model

et al. 2017

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“…In the latter, buildings produce a drag force on wind, produce additional turbulence, and heat and water fluxes from roofs and walls are directly included at the correct height in and above the canyon. The turbulence mixing length and drag coefficient come from state-of-the art parameterizations developed using computational fluid dynamics (Santiago and Martilli, 2010).…”

Section: The Town Energy Balance (Teb) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

et al. 2013

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Abstract. SURFEX is a new externalized land and ocean surface platform that describes the surface fluxes and the evolution of four types of surfaces: nature, town, inland water and ocean. It is mostly based on pre-existing, well-validated scientific models that are continuously improved. The motivation for the building of SURFEX is to use strictly identical scientific models in a high range of applications in order to mutualise the research and development efforts. SURFEX can be run in offline mode (0-D or 2-D runs) or in coupled mode (from mesoscale models to numerical weather prediction and climate models). An assimilation mode is included for numerical weather prediction and monitoring. In addition to momentum, heat and water fluxes, SURFEX is able to simulate fluxes of carbon dioxide, chemical species, continental aerosols, sea salt and snow particles. The main principles of the organisation of the surface are described first. Then, a survey is made of the scientific module (including the coupling strategy). Finally, the main applications of the code are summarised. The validation work undertaken shows that replacing the pre-existing surface models by SURFEX in these applications is usually associated with improved skill, as the numerous scientific developments contained in this community code are used to good advantage.

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“…with a continuous linear transition between the top of the canopy layer and the base of the inertial sublayer, and where the displacement height d is also parameterised following Santiago and Martilli (2010):…”

Section: Parameterisation Of Mixing Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of vegetation in the Town Energy Balance model for modelling urban green areas

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Cities impact both local climate, through urban heat islands and global climate, because they are an area of heavy greenhouse gas release into the atmosphere due to heating, air conditioning and traffic. Including more vegetation into cities is a planning strategy having possible positive impacts for both concerns. Improving vegetation representation into urban models will allow us to address more accurately these questions. This paper presents an improvement of the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban canopy model. Vegetation is directly included inside the canyon, allowing shadowing of grass by buildings, better representation of urban canopy form and, a priori, a more accurate simulation of canyon air microclimate. The surface exchanges over vegetation are modelled with the well-known Interaction Soil Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) model that is integrated in the TEB's code architecture in order to account for interactions between natural and built-up covers. The design of the code makes possible to plug and use any vegetation scheme. Both versions of TEB are confronted to experimental data issued from a field campaign conducted in Israel in 2007. Two semi-enclosed courtyards arranged with bare soil or watered lawn were instrumented to evaluate the impact of landscaping strategies on microclimatic variables and evapotranspiration. For this case study, the new version of the model with integrated vegetation performs better than if vegetation is treated outside the canyon. Surface temperatures are closer to the observations, especially at night when radiative trapping is important. The integrated vegetation version simulates a more humid air inside the canyon. The microclimatic quantities (i.e., the street-level meteorological variables) are better simulated with this new version. This opens opportunities to study with better accuracy the urban microclimate, down to the micro (or canyon) scale.

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A Dynamic Urban Canopy Parameterization for Mesoscale Models Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Microscale Simulations

Cited by 116 publications

References 26 publications

On the Coherence in the Boundary Layer: Development of a Canopy Interface Model

On the Coherence in the Boundary Layer: Development of a Canopy Interface Model

The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

Inclusion of vegetation in the Town Energy Balance model for modelling urban green areas

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