A dysbiotic subpopulation of alcohol-dependent subjects

Timary, Philippe de; Leclercq, Sophie; Stärkel, Peter; Delzenne, Nathalie M.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1107696

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The low intestinal permeability group demonstrated reduced severity and duration of psychological symptoms, while the high intestinal permeability group showed persistent ADrelated behavioral changes throughout short-term abstinence, despite intestinal permeability recovery (Leclercq et al, 2014b). Two possible conclusions regarding the persistence of symptoms in the high intestinal permeability group were proposed (de Timary et al, 2015). On one hand, perhaps the symptomatology is not related to the amount of alcohol consumed, as both groups demonstrated comparable use, but is instead related to the composition and function of the gut microbiota, which differed between high and low intestinal permeability patients.…”

Section: Critical View Of the Studies Reportedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, chronic excessive alcohol use is necessary, but not sufficient to cause gut dysfunction in alcohol dependent patients (Mutlu et al, 2012;Leclercq et al, 2014b). Still, gut microbial and peripheral metabolite level alterations were linked to alcohol craving, anxiety, and depression, which are important factors associated with relapse (de Timary et al, 2015). Interestingly, the level of intestinal permeability was differentially associated with behaviors, with recovery in depression, anxiety, and craving levels observed in individuals with low intestinal permeability, but not in those with high intestinal permeability.…”

Section: Critical View Of the Studies Reportedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though establishing causality in human models may prove challenging, translational models transplanting human gut microbiota samples to rodent models could be utilized to clarify the directionality of the microbiota-behavior relationship. Moreover, given the relative independence of the amount of ethanol consumed from the presence or absence of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability (de Timary et al, 2015), it will be important to determine whether altered gut microbial profiles can be viewed as a precursor to AUD. Greater awareness of the causal relationship between dysbiosis and alcohol intake may shed light on the mechanisms of communication between the gut microbiota and the brain.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ‘Ménage à Trois’?

Temko

Bouhlal

Farokhnia

et al. 2017

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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Aims: Accumulating evidence for the influence of the gut microbiota on the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis suggests a role of the gut microbiota in eating disorders (EDs) and alcohol and substance use disorders. The potential influence of altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis) on behaviors associated with such disorders may have implications for developing therapeutic interventions. Methods: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the gut microbiota, EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases with the objective being to examine the role of the gut microbiota in behavioral correlates of these disorders. Original papers focused on the gut microbiota and potential behavioral implications were deemed eligible for consideration. Results: The resulting 12 publications were limited to gut microbiota studies related to EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders. Some studies suggest that dysbiosis and gut microbial byproducts may influence the pathophysiology of EDs via direct and indirect interference with peptide hormone signaling. Additionally, dysbiosis was shown to be correlated with alcohol use disorder-related symptoms, i.e. craving, depression and anxiety. Finally, a mouse study suggests that manipulations in the gut microbiota may affect cocaine-related behaviors. Conclusions: Promising, albeit preliminary, findings suggest a potential role of the gut microbiota in behavioral correlates of EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders. Short summary: Preliminary evidence exists supporting the role of the gut microbiota in eating disorders and alcohol and substance use disorders, although additional investigation is needed to determine what is causative versus epiphenomenological.

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Section: Critical View Of the Studies Reportedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical View Of the Studies Reportedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ‘Ménage à Trois’?

Temko

Bouhlal

Farokhnia

et al. 2017

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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show abstract

“…In another study (82), the authors relate alcohol dependence to depression and anxiety discussing this relationship in a subset of alcohol dependent population with increased intestinal permeability association and dysbiosis. This subset population displayed alterations in the metabolomic profiles, persistent systemic inflammation, along with increased symptoms of depression, anxiety and craving at the end of alcohol withdrawal linking the reinforcement to the processes occurring at the level of the gut with relation to the presence of dysbiosis.…”

Section: Impact Of Microbiome On Pre-cirrhotic Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome and liver disease

Betrapally

Gillevet

Bajaj

2017

Translational Research

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Gut microbiota changes are important in determining the occurrence and progression of chronic liver disease related to alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. Specifically the systemic inflammation, endotoxemia and the vasodilation that leads to complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy could be related to the gut milieu. Given the poor prognosis of these events, their prevention and early management are essential. Microbiota may be essential component of the gut milieu that can impact these clinical events and the study of their composition and function in a culture-independent manner could help understand the prognosis. Recent human and animal studies have shown that the relative abundance and the functional changes of microbiota in the stool, colonic mucosa and saliva have varying consequences on the presence and prognosis of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The impact of therapies on the microbiota is slowly being understood and will likely lead to a more targeted approach to gut microbiota modification in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.

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“…The indigenous microbiome plays an important role (positive or negative) in the regulation of systemic inflammation 7. This has been particularly studied in the context of nutritional disorders, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders (ie, including diabetes, NASH,8 cachexia or alcohol dependence9 10). In this review, we describe a novel context in which focusing on the gut microbiota could present new directions for the management of postsurgery outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insight into the role of microbiota in colorectal surgery

Bachmann

Diller

Delzenne

et al. 2017

Gut

Self Cite

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Recent literature undeniably supports the idea that the microbiota has a strong influence on the healing process of an intestinal anastomosis. Understanding the mechanisms by which the bacterial community of the gut influences intestinal healing could open the door for new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Among the different mechanisms, data have shown that the production of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of specific formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) regulate intestinal wound healing. Evidence suggests that specific gut microbes such as spp and help to regulate healing processes through both ROS-dependent and FPR-dependent mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge and future perspectives concerning the impact of microbiota on wound healing. We will further review available evidence on whether mechanical bowel preparation and the use of specific antibiotics are beneficial or harmful procedures, an ongoing matter of debate. These practices have a profound effect on the gut microbiota composition at the level of both the mucosal and the luminal compartments. Therefore, a key question remains unanswered: Current knowledge and data do not clearly support the use of one technique or another to avoid complications such as anastomotic leak. There is an urgent need for appropriate interventions with a deep microbiota analysis to investigate both the surgical technical benefits of a proper anastomosis compared with the potential effect of the gut microbes (beneficial vs harmful) on the processes of wound healing and anastomotic leakage reduction.

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A dysbiotic subpopulation of alcohol-dependent subjects

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ‘Ménage à Trois’?

The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ‘Ménage à Trois’?

Gut microbiome and liver disease

Novel insight into the role of microbiota in colorectal surgery

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