A facile carbothermal preparation of Sn–Co–C composite electrodes for Li-ion batteries using low-cost carbons

Abstract

Sn-Co-C composites were prepared by carbothermal reaction of ball-milled precursors. X-ray diffraction and 119 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy of the original composites revealed the predominance of Sn and CoSn 2 phases for those samples prepared with a high Sn/Co ratio. Electron microscopy images showed a homogeneous dispersion of sub-micrometric metallic particles in the carbon matrix. Galvanostatic cycling at several kinetic rates revealed that Sn 7 Co 1 C 92 and Sn 8 Co 4 C 88 are able to maintain 400 mA h g −1 after 40 cycles at 35 mA g −1 . The large CoSn 2 contribution revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy in the original and cycled electrodes is responsible for the good electrochemical performance. This interpretation is also supported by impedance spectroscopy measurements.

Compositionally tuned NixSn alloys as anode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries with a high pseudocapacitive contribution

“…[8][9][10][11] On the other hand, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) cannot make use of graphite due to the insignificant Na-insertion in this material. [12][13][14] As an alternative anode material for both LIBs and SIBs, Sn and Sn-based alloys have been extensively studied due to their abundance, low toxicity and high energy density, 992 mAh g -1 for LIBs and 847 mAh g -1 for SIBs, corresponding to the formation of Li22Sn5 and Na15Sn4, respectively. [15][16][17][18] However, Sn undergoes huge volume changes during charge-discharge cycles that shorten its usage time.…”

Co–Sn Nanocrystalline Solid Solutions as Anode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High Pseudocapacitive Contribution

“…Among the different Sn‐based alloys tested, Co–Sn electrodes have shown particularly promising performances as anode materials for LIBs . Co–Sn–C composites have even been used in commercial batteries, which has motivated a notable interest in this system . Previous works have mostly focused on the intermetallic Co–Sn alloys: Co 3 Sn 2 , CoSn, and CoSn 2 .…”

“…[31] Co-Sn-Cc omposites have even been used in commercial batteries, whichh as motivated an otable interest in this system. [38][39][40][41][42] Previous works have mostlyf ocused on the intermetallic Co-Sn alloys:C o 3 Sn 2 ,C oSn, and CoSn 2 .A mongi ntermetallics, CoSn 2 has provided the highest capacities owing to its highest Sn content, but Co 3 Sn 2 hass hown the best cycling performance. [28] However,b eyond intermetallic phases, ar ange of Co-Sn solids olutionse xist that are yet to be explored.…”

Sn-Based Nanocomposite for Li-Ion Battery Anode with High Energy Density, Rate Capability, and Reversibility

“…The fast C rate capability was attained by the provision of tiny Li-alloy-able CoSn 2 nanocrystallites through the straightforward BM process and repeated conversion/full recombination during cycling, which results in a shorter Li-ion diffusion path. The high reversibility with a high ICE, large energy density, long capacity retention, and fast rate capability for the CoSn 2 / a -TiC/C nanocomposite electrode is one of the best results among the Sn-based anodes for LIBs. ,,,,− …”