A facile strategy for the synthesis of guanidinium-functionalized polymer as alkaline anion exchange membrane with improved alkaline stability

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

“…NMR technology has also been used to investigate alkaline membranes prepared by chemical modification. For example, Liu et al [200] used 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra to study 2-benzyl-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl guanidinium (BPMG) iodide. The bromination ratio of the methyl groups was calculated from the 1 H NMR spectrum of bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO).…”

Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Polystyrene-Block-Poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-Block-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymers: Cation Stability and Fuel Cell Performance

“…14, However, it has been shown that quaternary ammonium-based AEMs are sensitive toward Hofmann elimination 20,41 and direct nucleophilic elimination reactions 42,43 that result in loss of ion exchange capacity (IEC) and ionic conductivity. To resolve the stability problem inherent to quaternary-ammonium-group-containing AEMs, several alternative cations, including imidazolium, 41,44,45 benzimidazolium, 3,45,46 guanidinium, 15,47,48 phosphonium 8,9,49 and metal cations 50,51 have been proposed and investigated. Phosphonium-based AEMs were investigated by Gu et al 52 Gu et al attached benzyl-tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium (TTMPP + ) onto polysulfone backbone to make AEMs, and found them to be alkaline stable; There was no ionic conductivity fade after immersion in 1M KOH for 30 days at room temperature.…”

Hybrid anion exchange membranes with self‐assembled ionic channels

“…[2] As a key component, the anion exchange membrane (AEM) is one of the research focuses on AEMFCs owing to the absence of AEMs which meets the requirements for AEMFCs. [3] As a consequence, considerable efforts have been made to develop novel AEMs with high performances and many new AEM materials have been reported, including quaternized poly(ether ether ketone), [4,5] quaternized poly(sulfone), [6][7][8] imidazolium-functionalized poly (ether sulfone), [9] quaternized poly(ether-imide), [10] quaternized polybutadiene-b-poly(4-methylstyrene), [11] quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), [12][13][14] quaternized copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s, [15][16][17] quaternized poly(aryl ether oxadiazole), [18] quaternized poly(tetraphenyl ether ketone sulfone), [19] quaternary poly(arylene ether ketone), [20] poly(arylene ether)s containing quaternized ammonio-substituted fluorene groups, [21] quaternary phosphonium-functionalized poly(sulfone), [22] guanidiniumfunctionalized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), [23] phenylguanidinium-functionalized perfluorinated polymer, [24] permethyl cobaltocenium functionalized poly(sulfone), [25] modified commercial polymers by introduction of hydrophilic additives, [26][27][28][29][30] grafting, [31,32] reinforcement, [33] and semiinterpenetrating polymer network. [34] Some homogeneous AEMs showed phase-separated, bicontinuous morphologies and well-developed ionic channels through cleverly designed structures.…”