A facile way to prepare nanoporous PbI2 films and their application in fast conversion to CH3NH3PbI3

Zheng, Huifeng; Wang, Weiqi; Yang, Songwang; Liu, Yangqiao; Sun, Jing

doi:10.1039/c5ra21250b

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both, a porous and a non‐porous structure, can have advantages for the fabrication of homogeneous perovskite films. On the one hand, a porous structure makes it easier to convert the MAPI film and leaves space for the volume expansion during the conversion . On the other hand, a structure that is too porous will leave gaps after conversion.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Precursor Morphology and Mapi Film mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Tailored Film Morphologies: The Origin of Crystal Orientation in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Oesinghaus

Schlipf

Giesbrecht

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efficient perovskite solar cells can be produced by a wide variety of different methods. Previous results show that controlling the film morphology is critical to enhance the efficiency of the prepared devices. Here, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) is used to study the morphology and especially the orientation distribution of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite films prepared by five typical methods. We find that the investigated one‐step methods produce non‐oriented films, while the two‐step deposition methods produce varying degrees of orientation depending on the method chosen to convert the highly oriented PbI2 precursor, providing direct evidence for different perovskite conversion mechanisms. In particular, we show that the morphology and crystal orientation of MAPI films is tunable by varying the spin‐coating temperature and by adding chloride to the conversion solution. By relating the precursor morphology to the resulting MAPI film morphology, we link the observed preferential orientations to specific conversion mechanisms, thereby establishing GIWAXS as an important tool toward a rational development of new synthesis methods.

show abstract

Section: The Relationship Between Precursor Morphology and Mapi Film mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Tailored Film Morphologies: The Origin of Crystal Orientation in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Oesinghaus

Schlipf

Giesbrecht

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter work demonstrated that PbI 2 deposition proceeds via a sol–gel process whereby a disordered precursor solvate crystallizes into metastable PbI 2 ‐DMF co‐crystal phases which spontaneously convert to PbI 2 at room temperature. The observation that as‐cast PbI 2 films exhibit a complex and time‐dependent solvated states provides interesting opportunities to convert from solvent‐expanded and metastable precursors into the perovskite phase and thus access improved conversion and high‐quality perovskite films …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Solvation State of Lead Iodide on Its Two‐Step Conversion to MAPbI₃: An In Situ Investigation

Barrit

Cheng

Tang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Producing high efficiency solar cells without high-temperature processing or use of additives still remains a challenge with the two-step process. Here, the solution processing of MAPbI 3 from PbI 2 films in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is investigated. In-situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements reveal a sol-gel process involving three PbI 2 -DMF solvate complexes-disordered (P 0 ) and ordered (P 1 , P 2 )-prior to PbI 2 formation. When the appropriate solvated state of PbI 2 is exposed to MAI (methylammonium Iodide), it can lead to rapid and complete room temperature conversion into MAPbI 3 with higher quality films and improved solar cell performance. Complementary in-situ optical reflectance, absorbance, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements show that dry PbI 2 can take up only one third of the MAI taken up by the solvated-crystalline P 2 phase of PbI 2 , requiring additional annealing and yet still underperforming. The perovskite solar cells fabricated from the ordered P 2 precursor show higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and reproducibility than devices fabricated from other cases. The average PCE of the solar cells is greatly improved from 13.2(±0.53)% (from annealed PbI 2 ) to 15.7(±0.35)% (from P 2 ) reaching up to 16.2%. This work demonstrates the importance of controlling the solvation of PbI 2 as an effective strategy for the growth of high-quality perovskite films and their application in high efficiency and reproducible solar cells.

show abstract

“…24,27 The p-PbI 2 lms with a larger specic area can also facilitate its reaction with MAI because more reaction sites are provided, which is consistent with the previous literatures. 31,37 The corresponding absorption spectra of the prepared perovskite lms without and with annealing at 100 C for 30 min are shown in Fig. 2(c) and (d), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address the PbI 2 residue issue for producing highperformance perovskite lms, some strategies have been developed. 8,[30][31][32][33][34][35] Recently, we demonstrated that the incorporation of polymer P(VDF-TrFE) into the PbI 2 precursor lm can achieve the complete conversion of PbI 2 to MAPbI 3 by retarding the crystallization of PbI 2 . 36 Gong et al 37 reported that the application of the mesoporous PbI 2 scaffolds, employing the nucleation and growth of PbI 2 crystallites in a wet lm, can be rapidly converted into perovskite lms without any PbI 2 residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation of high-quality perovskites for efficient solar cells via a fast conversion of wet PbI₂precursor films

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A facile way to prepare nanoporous PbI₂ films and their application in fast conversion to CH₃NH₃PbI₃

Abstract: Nanoporous PbI2 films, prepared in a facile way, are applied to accelerate the reaction in the two-step deposition of CH3NH3PbI3.

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Toward Tailored Film Morphologies: The Origin of Crystal Orientation in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Toward Tailored Film Morphologies: The Origin of Crystal Orientation in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Impact of the Solvation State of Lead Iodide on Its Two‐Step Conversion to MAPbI₃: An In Situ Investigation

Facile preparation of high-quality perovskites for efficient solar cells via a fast conversion of wet PbI₂precursor films

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A facile way to prepare nanoporous PbI2 films and their application in fast conversion to CH3NH3PbI3

Abstract: Nanoporous PbI2 films, prepared in a facile way, are applied to accelerate the reaction in the two-step deposition of CH3NH3PbI3.

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Toward Tailored Film Morphologies: The Origin of Crystal Orientation in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Toward Tailored Film Morphologies: The Origin of Crystal Orientation in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Impact of the Solvation State of Lead Iodide on Its Two‐Step Conversion to MAPbI3: An In Situ Investigation

Facile preparation of high-quality perovskites for efficient solar cells via a fast conversion of wet PbI2precursor films

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A facile way to prepare nanoporous PbI₂ films and their application in fast conversion to CH₃NH₃PbI₃

Impact of the Solvation State of Lead Iodide on Its Two‐Step Conversion to MAPbI₃: An In Situ Investigation

Facile preparation of high-quality perovskites for efficient solar cells via a fast conversion of wet PbI₂precursor films