A fast non-invasive method for preliminary authentication of mediaeval glass enamels using UV–visible–NIR diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry

Aceto, Maurizio; Fenoglio, Gaia; Labate, Maria; Picollo, Marcello; Bacci, Mauro; Agostino, Angelo

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2020.05.003

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The main metal ions that impart colour to glass, i.e., Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ , etc. can be identified in the FORS spectrum according to their typical absorption bands [ 59 ], therefore suggesting the presence of glassy gemstones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry for a Fast, Preliminary Authentication of Gemstones

et al. 2022

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The identification of gemstones is an important topic in the field of cultural heritage, given their enormous value. Particularly, the most important precious stones, namely diamond, emerald, ruby and sapphire, are frequently subjected to counterfeit by substitution with objects of lesser value with similar appearance, colour or shape. While a gemmologist is able to recognise a counterfeit in most instances, more generally, it is not easy to do this without resorting to instrumental methods. In this work, the use of UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optic fibres (FORS) is proposed as a fast and easy method for the preliminary identification of gemstones, alternative to the classical methods used by gemmologists or to Raman spectroscopy, which is by far the instrumental method with the best diagnostic potential, but it cannot be used in situations of problematic geometric hindrance. The possibilities and the limitations given by the FORS technique are critically discussed together with the spectral features of the most important gemstones. Finally, the application of chemometric pattern recognition methods is described for the treatment of large sets of spectral data deriving from gemstones identification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Green topaz, a version obtained by irradiation, shows two bands at 618 and 658 nm. Finally, green glasses can be obtained by adding Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ or V 3+ /V 5+ [ 59 ], but in no case, even in that of a Cr 3+ -containing glass, is the resulting spectrum comparable to the one of emerald.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry for a Fast, Preliminary Authentication of Gemstones

et al. 2022

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“…Pink hue of P1 was obtained through manganese in combination with iron: FORS technique identified Mn 3+ as colorant (minima at 380/490 nm) [ 10 ] (Figure 6a), not detected by SEM‐EDS likely because its concentration is very low. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy detected hematite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman microspectroscopy is suitable as a main technique in this complex analysis, being able to obtain information on both crystalline and amorphous materials, on the bulk and on the micrometric inclusions, even embedded in the glass, without necessity of preparation of the samples. This work reports the results of an archaeometric investigation performed on different glass mosaic tesserae by using an analytical approach that included micro-Raman spectroscopy, [4][5][6] field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), [7,8] X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), [9] UV-visible-NIR diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optic fibers (FORS) [10,11] and optical stereo-microscopy. The detected coloring and opacifying agents were compared with those found on contemporary and previous mosaic tiles coming from the same geographical area.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi‐technique characterization of glass mosaic tesserae from Villa di Teodorico in Galeata (Italy)

Bersani

Saviane

Morigi

et al. 2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Several glass mosaic tesserae were found during the archeological excavations at the Villa di Teodorico in Galeata (Forlì-Cesena, Emilia Romagna, Italy), dated to early sixth century AD. This work reports the results of an archeometrical investigation realized through a multi-technique approach on 16 tesserae. The aims of the study were the determination of the glass composition, the characterization of coloring and opacifying agents, and the definition of the technological processes involved. The glass matrix and the dispersed crystallites were characterized in detail through micro-Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was proven to be very effective in the analysis of complex objects, providing information on the structure and composition of the glass and on the nature of the opacifying agents and the crystalline colorants. UV-visible-NIR diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optic fibers was helpful to identify the metal ions used as chromophores. The different hues were obtained by means of dispersed ions as well as crystalline compounds and metal nanoparticles. A large variety of opacifying agents was detected. Results were compared with data of contemporary mosaics within the same geographical area.

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“…The reflectance spectra collected with FORS show a similar absorption pattern in the SWIR region (1000-2500 nm), which can be associated to water and hydroxyl groups (Figure 6) [26,27]. The bands at ~1400 nm and ~1900 nm are due to bond water, and the absorption at ~1900 nm could be associated to Al-OH bonds.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Investigation Of Old Tilesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Tiles from Aosta: A Peculiar Glaze Roof Covering

Balliana,

Caveri,

Falchi

et al. 2023

Colorants

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The 18th century roof tiles from the “Casa delle vigne”, located in the Aosta region (north-east Italy), were investigated as an example of a peculiar historical roof covering: ceramic tiles with a lead-based glaze finishing to waterproof them are used to create colourful patterns. A conservation project proposed the integration of the original tiles with new ones, produced according to traditional methods. Ancient and new tiles were analysed with Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, micro-Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry for understanding the composition and the production technology of this manufacture. Their resistance to freezing and thawing cycles was then tested, considering their exposure in the severe alpine climate of Aosta. The use of pure clays with low calcium contents, high firing temperature and lead-rich glazes was found in ancient tiles, able to outstand several freezing-thawing cycles without damages. Iron and copper pigments were used in old yellow and green glazes. Zinc-based pigment, low lead and calcium-rich glazes are used in the new ones, which remained mainly coherent to the ceramic body during the freeze-thaw test.

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A fast non-invasive method for preliminary authentication of mediaeval glass enamels using UV–visible–NIR diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

The Use of UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry for a Fast, Preliminary Authentication of Gemstones

The Use of UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry for a Fast, Preliminary Authentication of Gemstones

Multi‐technique characterization of glass mosaic tesserae from Villa di Teodorico in Galeata (Italy)

Tiles from Aosta: A Peculiar Glaze Roof Covering

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