“…Suitable fault assessments are paramount to assure the system's performability in terms of fault tolerance and performance. Several studies have emphasized fault-tolerant architectures, their mechanisms, and criticality in ensuring service availability and delivery in service systems (Garcia & Toledo, 2007;Laranjeiro et al, 2008;Aghaei et al, 2011;Ahmed & Wu, 2013;Vargas-Santiago et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Pandey et al, 2019;Dahling et al, 2021). Relatively, existing fault-tolerant architectures have been centered around redundant mechanisms in terms of replication (active and passive), diversity, and N-Version Programming Laranjeiro et al, 2008;Hosseini & Arani, 2015;Kumari & Kaur, 2018;Pandey et al, 2019;Abdi & Shahoveisi, 2022).…”