A Ferroelectric-Photovoltaic Effect in SbSI Nanowires

Abstract

A ferroelectric-photovoltaic effect in nanowires of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) is presented for the first time. Sonochemically prepared SbSI nanowires have been characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and optical diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The temperature dependences of electrical properties of the fabricated SbSI nanowires have been investigated too. The indirect forbidden energy gap EgIf = 1.862 (1) eV and Curie temperature TC = 291 (2) K of SbSI nanowires have been determined. Aligned SbSI nanowires have been deposited in an electric field between Pt electrodes on alumina substrate. The photoelectrical response of such a prepared ferroelectric-photovoltaic (FE-PV) device can be switched using a poling electric field and depends on light intensity. The photovoltage, generated under λ = 488 nm illumination of Popt = 127 mW/cm2 optical power density, has reached UOC = 0.119 (2) V. The presented SbSI FE-PV device is promising for solar energy harvesting as well as for application in non-volatile memories based on the photovoltaic effect.

Towards Embedded Computation with Building Materials

“…This behavior should be expected for mixed oxide materials [ 54 , 55 ]. The strongest features characteristic for ferroelectric materials has been observed in the case of 10% of SbSI admixture, which is fully consistent with pronounced ferroelectric properties of this material [ 56 , 57 , 58 ], but this non-ideal capacitive behavior was observed in the majority of cases, the complex character of I/E curves may be interpreted in terms of mixed ferroelectric/antiferroelectric character of studied samples [ 59 ]. In light of the complex chemical and phase structure of samples, this may be fully justified.…”

SbSI Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Cellulose for Energy Harvesting and Sensors—The Influence of SBSI Nanowires Conglomeration on Piezoelectric Properties

“…The 0-3 type composite simultaneously rebuilt into the 1-3 type composite [37]. Possibility of ferroelectric SbSI nanowires alignment in the external electric field is a well-known phenomenon recently studied [43,44] and occurs spontaneously, i.e., while fabricating composite by electrospinning method [28].…”

Ferroelectric Materials Based Coupled Nanogenerators

“…The thin films of BTO (BaTiO 3 ) evidenced that the direction of photocurrent and photovoltage can be rolled over by revert-ing polarization, proving the polarization as a dominant feature in the bulk photovoltaic effect [140,142,143]. Figure 2d(I) represents the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect mechanism in poled SbSI nanowires with Pt metal contacts [29]. The SbSI nanowires proposed the bulk photovoltaic ferroelectric (BPVE) mechanism, shining light with energy greater than the bandgap of SbSI ferroelectric, resulting in the absorption of light photons, and promoting the photo-generation of electron and holes as excess carriers.…”

“…Poling the SbSI ferroelectric caused band bending and, thus, the internal electric field, due to the spontaneous polarization of nanowires (Figure 2d(II)). The internal field determines spatial separation charge carriers in ferroelectric photovoltaic devices and these excess carriers contribute to the photovoltaic output current [29].…”

“…Along with energy storage units, self-powered systems can also be integrated by nanogenerators for powering functional devices. Many nanogenerators have been fashioned after, including piezoelectric NGs (PENG), pyroelectric NGs (PyENG), triboelectric NGs (TENG), and photovoltaics (PVC) [26][27][28][29]. Piezoelectric and triboelectric NGs transform mechanical stress forces and/or energies from wind/airflow, water waves, human motions, biomechanical energies, etc., to electrical energy, accompanied by changing polarization degrees in ferroelectrics [30][31][32][33][34][35].…”