A fertilizer discharge detection system based on point cloud data and an efficient volume conversion algorithm

Zhao, Jiale; Wang, Xiaogeng; Tian, Hongli; Lu, Yun; Guo, Chunjiang; Liu, Huili

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2021.106131

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The system employed escape value filtering and ordered point cloud set construction to reduce data noise, efficiently calculating fertilizer volume and mass. Field tests showed a maximum measurement error of 4.66% at fertilizer drain speeds between 20 and 70 revolutions per minute, providing innovative solutions for fertilizer discharge detection [54]. Path planning optimization of UAT requires the consideration of multiple factors, including operation time, turning way, quality, energy consumption, route length, and complexity [55].…”

Section: Operation State Perception Methods Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Autonomous Navigation Technologies for Unmanned Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Qu,

Zhang,

Qin

et al. 2024

Machines

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The development of unmanned agricultural tractors (UAT) represents a significant step towards intelligent agricultural equipment. UAT technology is expected to lighten the workload of laborers and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of mechanized operations. Through the investigation of 123 relevant studies in the literature published in recent years, this article reviews three aspects of autonomous navigation technologies for UATs: perception, path planning and tracking, and motion control. The advantages and deficiencies of these technologies in the context of UATs are clarified by analyzing technical principles and the status of current research. We conduct summaries and analyses of existing unmanned navigation solutions for different application scenarios in order to identify current bottleneck issues. Based on the analysis of the applicability of autonomous navigation technologies in UATs, it can be seen that fruitful research progress has been achieved. The review also summarizes the common problems seen in current UAT technologies. The application of research to the sharing and integrating of multi-source data for autonomous navigation has so far been relatively weak. There is an urgent need for high-precision and high-stability sensing equipment. The universality of path planning methods and the efficiency and precision of path tracking need to be improved, and it is also necessary to develop highly reliable electrical control modules to enhance motion control performance. Overall, advanced sensors, high-performance intelligent algorithms, and reliable electrical control hardware are key factors in promoting the development of UAT technology.

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Section: Operation State Perception Methods Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Autonomous Navigation Technologies for Unmanned Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Qu,

Zhang,

Qin

et al. 2024

Machines

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“…3D laser technology is currently the most efective means to acquire information on irregular object shapes, sizes, areas, and volumes. Numerous studies have verifed the accuracy of volume measurement of irregular objects using 3D laser technology [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. For the volume calculation of irregular objects, the usual method is to slice the point cloud model and then calculate the volume of each layer separately before summing it up or to ft the point cloud model to a geometric model where the volume can be easily calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for the Compaction Quality Inspection of High Rockfill Dams Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology

Yao,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Structural Control and Health Monitoring

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The compaction quality is directly related to the deformation and stability of the rockfill dam. Measuring the test pit volume efficiently and accurately is the most critical step during the compaction quality inspection. A new method for calculating the test pit volume based on point cloud data is proposed. An auxiliary device that can change the scanning distance and angle of the handheld 3D laser scanner is developed to collect the initial point cloud. The segmentation method of the initial point cloud data including the test pit and the compaction surface outside the pit is to divide the data into two parts according to the order number of the segmentation point, after slicing and sorting point clouds, which is the key to ensuring the computational precision. The segmentation points are the adjacent two points with the greatest order number difference in these point clouds whose distance from the line connecting the end points of the slicing point clouds is less than dz. The compaction surface point clouds are used to construct a plane by the least-squares algorithm so that the closed three-dimensional model is formed by registering it with the test pit point clouds. After converting the test pit surface to the horizontal plane by the Rodrigues formula, the test pit point clouds are divided into n2 parts with equal projection areas on the horizontal plane, and n2 prisms are constructed using them and their projection areas. The test pit volume is the sum of the intersection space volumes of all prisms and the test pit model, and the intersection space is determined by comparing the Z-values of point clouds. The new method was programmed in MATLAB and applied to the Shuangjiangkou rockfill dam with a height of 315 m. The relative error of volume results between the new method and the old water-filling method is 0.14–2.31%. The cause of the error is analyzed, and it is proved that the results of the new method are closer to the real volume of the test pit in theory. This method reduces the inspection cost but greatly improves the level of precision, efficiency, and intelligence for compaction quality inspection.

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“…Currently, fertilization is often used to increase crop yield, but the excessive application of fertilizers can easily cause crop lodging, environmental pollution, and resource waste. Excessive application can reduce crop yield [1][2][3]. The spiral fertilizer applicator is widely used in agricultural production, with advantages such as a simple structure, convenient installation, and adjustable fertilizer discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Experiment of an Electric Control Spiral-Pushing Feed Mechanism for Field Fertilizer Applicator

Dun,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Due to the unique structural characteristics of the traditional spiral fertilizer applicator, the instantaneous filling coefficient cannot be determined, which is not conducive to achieving precise control of the fertilizer discharge rate. Therefore, a spiral-pushing fertilizer applicator has been designed. By using a structure of variable diameter and variable spiral pitch to squeeze fertilizer gradually, precise control of the fertilizer discharge is achieved. The study analyzes the effects of screw pitch, screw diameter, and rotational speed on the filling coefficient; it uses spiral pitch elongation percentage, spiral diameter elongation percentage, and rotational speed as experimental factors, and filling coefficient and particle axial velocity coefficient as experimental indicators. Through quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design experiments, the fertilizer discharge performance of the spiral-pushing fertilizer applicator was optimized. The experimental results indicate that for the filling coefficient, x1x2 has an extremely significant impact, while for the axial velocity coefficient of particles, x1 and x3 have an extremely significant impact. When the rotational speed x3 is 30 r/min, the optimized spiral pitch elongation percentage x1 is 189.82–200%, the spiral diameter elongation percentage x2 is 102.75–106.76, the filling coefficient is greater than 95%, and the particle axial velocity coefficient is less than 10%, achieving the best fertilizer discharge performance. An electrically controlled fertilizer discharge system was also designed, and bench tests were conducted on it. The results show that the average deviation between the fertilizer discharge performance of the spiral-pushing fertilizer applicator driven by the electrically controlled fertilizer discharge system and the preset value is 2.14%. This proves that, when the fertilizer demand changes, the fertilizer discharge flow can be adjusted through the electrically controlled fertilizer discharge system to achieve precise fertilization. This study provides a reference for the design of spiral fertilizer applicators.

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A fertilizer discharge detection system based on point cloud data and an efficient volume conversion algorithm

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Applications of Autonomous Navigation Technologies for Unmanned Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Applications of Autonomous Navigation Technologies for Unmanned Agricultural Tractors: A Review

A New Method for the Compaction Quality Inspection of High Rockfill Dams Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology

Design and Experiment of an Electric Control Spiral-Pushing Feed Mechanism for Field Fertilizer Applicator

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