A field evaluation of coated urea with biodegradable materials and selected urease inhibitors

Junejo, Nasima

doi:10.5897/ajb11.2415

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The lower NH 3 loss through volatilization from soil with RSS-coated urea than in soil with uncoated urea was consistent with the findings of other researchers [19,[46][47][48][49][50]. The higher NH 3 loss in U (uncoated urea) than those of CU1, CU2, CU3, CU4, and CU5 (RSS-coated urea) (Figures 7 and 8) was due to the hydrolysis and ammonification of urea, which consumes hydrogen ions to produce NH 4 + ions and results in an increase in soil pH, as shown in Figure 9.…”

Section: Comparison Of Ammonia Loss From Uncoated Urea and Rejected S...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, chemical inhibitors include urease inhibitors [10] that hinder the hydrolysis of urea by urease enzyme, and nitrification inhibitors [11] that prevent the oxidation of NH 4 + have also been used as coating materials [12]. Organic or inorganic compounds [13][14][15][16][17][18], and micronutrients [19,20] are used for coating urea. However, most of the aforementioned coating materials are costly and not readily available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rejected Sago Starch as a Coating Material to Mitigate Urea-Nitrogen Emission

et al. 2022

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Urea–nitrogen is commonly lost through ammonia (NH3) volatilization, denitrification, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Rejected sago starch (RSS), which is a by-product of sago flour extraction, could be used to minimize NH3 volatilization from urea. Urea granules were coated with different concentrations of RSS (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%), and their effects on NH3 emission, soil pH, exchangeable ammonium (NH4+), and available NO3− were determined. The urea was coated with RSS and homogenized using a mini rotary machine. The RSS-coated urea granules were dyed to differentiate their concentrations. The effectiveness of the RSS as a coating material was determined using a closed-dynamic air flow system. The soil used in the NH3 volatilization was the Bekenu series (Sandy loam, Typic Paleudults). This study compared seven different mixture treatments: soil alone (S), 5 g of uncoated urea (U), 5 g of 2% RSS-coated urea (CU1), 5 g of 3% RSS-coated urea (CU2), 5 g of 4% RSS-coated urea (CU3), 5 g of 5% RSS-coated urea (CU4), and 5 g of 6% RSS-coated urea (CU5). Urea coated with RSS, particularly CU1, effectively minimized NH3 loss and improved the retention of soil exchangeable NH4+ and available NO3− compared with uncoated urea because the RSS serves as a barrier to minimizing the concentration of NH3 from urea hydrolysis. Urea could be coated with RSS at the 2% concentration to enhance urea–N efficiency through a reduction in NH3 emission from urea. RSS-coated urea could be an alternative for farmers because of its controlled release of N and economical benefits. Field planting using rice as a test crop to solidify the effectiveness of RSS-coated urea in improving N retention from urea is still ongoing.

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Section: Comparison Of Ammonia Loss From Uncoated Urea and Rejected S...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejected Sago Starch as a Coating Material to Mitigate Urea-Nitrogen Emission

et al. 2022

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“…This may be attributed to the presence of the polymeric chitosan matrix which decreased the availability of encapsulated urea and, thus, the transformation of urea, thereby preventing N losses. Similarly, Junejo et al [17] observed a slowdown in urea hydrolysis in different biodegradable urea coatings in comparison to urea, while the dehydrogenase activity was observed to increase in NCUC and CS treatments. The reason for an increase in the dehydrogenase activity in NCUC and CS could probably be due to chitosan, which may have acted as a degradable carbon source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Previous studies on dehydrogenase activities in maize revealed that a polyolefin-coated CR urea fertilizer formulation significantly increased the soil microbial activity compared to conventional urea [16]. However, the urease enzyme activity was decreased when different biodegradable urea coating formulations were incorporated in comparison to conventional urea, leading to slower urea hydrolysis rates [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Urea Nanocomposite for Improved Fertilizer Applications: The Effect on the Soil Enzymatic Activities and Microflora Dynamics in N Cycle of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

et al. 2021

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The impact of polymer-based slow-release urea formulations on soil microbial N dynamics in potatoes has been sparingly deciphered. The present study investigated the effect of a biodegradable nano-polymer urea formulation on soil enzymatic activities and microflora involved in the N cycling of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The nano-chitosan-urea composite (NCUC) treatment significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase activity, organic carbon content and available potassium compared to the conventional urea (CU) treatment. The soil ammonical nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) contents and urease activity were significantly decreased in the NCUC-amended soil. The slow urea hydrolysis rate led to low concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3−-N in the tested potato soil. Furthermore, these results corroborate the low count of ammonia oxidizer and nitrate reducer populations. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) studies revealed that the relative abundance of eubacterial (AOB) and archaeal ammonia-oxidizing (AOA) populations was reduced in the NCUC-treated soil compared to CU. The abundance of AOA was particularly lower than AOB, probably due to the more neutral and alkaline conditions of the tested soil. Our results suggest that the biodegradable polymer urea composite had a significant effect on the microbiota associated with soil N dynamics. Therefore, the developed NCUC could be used as a slow N-release fertilizer for enhanced growth and crop yields of potato.

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“…Nitrogen (N) is the most important mineral element for crop growth ( Nasima, 2011 ; Santos et al, 2020 ) and greatly influences the yield and quality of agricultural products ( Savin et al, 2019 ). However, soil N supply is limited and N fertilizers are commonly applied to maintain crop yield levels ( Santos et al, 2020 ; Khampuang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated, Stabilized Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers: Preparation and Effects on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Utilization

Dong

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Coated, slow/controlled release, or stabilized enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) are effective in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and crop yield. Better performance is expected from coated, stabilized EENFs where urease and nitrification inhibitors are treated in coated fertilizers. Firstly, five coated EENFs with different mass proportions of nature rubber (NR) in coating were prepared: CU0, CU1, CU2, CU3, CU4, and CU5 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of NR in coating). The controlled release performance of CU was tested by hydrostatic release test and the microstructure of controlled release urea, so as to screen the optimal addition ratio of NR (ER: NR = 7:3, CU3). Secondly, two coated, stabilized EENFs, CSU1 and CSU2, were prepared with natural rubber-modified epoxy resin (ER: NR = 7:3) as coating material. Seven treatments of different N fertilization were set up: CK (no N fertilization), urea, CU3, SU1, and SU2 (urease and nitrification inhibitors-treated urea fertilizers), CSU1 and CSU2 (urease and nitrification inhibitors-treated natural rubber-modified epoxy resin-coated urea fertilizers). Ammonia volatilization experiment and column leaching experiment showed that compared with conventional urea, NH3 volatilization loss was reduced by 20% and inorganic N leaching loss was reduced by 26% from CSU2, respectively. In the pot experiment, maize grain yield of 162.92 and 206.96 g/pot was achieved by CSU1 and CSU2, respectively, 41 and 79%, respectively, higher than that achieved by conventional urea. SUs treatments were more effective than conventional urea treatment in improving maize grain yield and NUE, but lower than in CSUs. The NUE, nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied N, and nitrogen utilization efficiency were 46, 30, 46, and 32%, respectively, higher in CSU1 and 58, 62, 58, and 29%, respectively, higher in CSU2 than in the conventional urea treatment. Compared with CSU1, CSU2 had better agronomic effectiveness with a higher NUE. It is recommended that urease and nitrification inhibitors be sandwiched between urea prill and the coating for preparation of novel, environmentally friendly coated, stabilized EENFs with high agronomic effectiveness, high NUE, and low N loss.

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A field evaluation of coated urea with biodegradable materials and selected urease inhibitors

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Rejected Sago Starch as a Coating Material to Mitigate Urea-Nitrogen Emission

Rejected Sago Starch as a Coating Material to Mitigate Urea-Nitrogen Emission

Chitosan-Urea Nanocomposite for Improved Fertilizer Applications: The Effect on the Soil Enzymatic Activities and Microflora Dynamics in N Cycle of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Coated, Stabilized Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers: Preparation and Effects on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Utilization

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