A Field Study of Diapause, Diapause Control, and Population Dynamics of the Boll Weevil

Lloyd, E. P.; Laster, M. L.; Merkl, M. E.

doi:10.1093/jee/57.4.433

Cited by 10 publications

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“…Some researchers have conjectured that feeding on bolls induces diapause in boll weevils (Lloyd et al., 1964, 1967; Graham et al., 1979), which, if true, could conceivably have influenced the results of this study. In this study, however, newly emerged, unfed female boll weevils were used and even those that consumed post‐bloom and young boll rinds or reproductive portions became gravid and had shorter longevities than square‐fed weevils, which fails to agree with the definition of diapause (Taub‐Montemayor et al., 1997) and the diapause characters set forth by Brazzel & Newsom (1959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Longevity and egg development of adult female boll weevils fed exclusively on different parts and stages of cotton fruiting bodies

Showler¹

2008

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The capacities of the rind (i.e., the developing calyx and petals of squares; and the outer casing, or husk, of bolls) and the internal reproductive portion of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), squares of three sizes, and bolls of three ages to influence adult female boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), longevity and egg production were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. While feeding on the reproductive portion of squares was expected to support adult boll weevils for considerable periods of time (e.g., medium square reproductive portion: ≈185 days), feeding on rinds also resulted in substantial longevity (e.g., medium square rind: ≈120 days). As anticipated, feeding on the reproductive portion of squares resulted in formation of chorionated eggs in mated females, but a diet comprised exclusively of rinds, particularly from large squares, was associated with gravidity and high fecundity relative to rinds of young and mature bolls. The reproductive portion and rind of post‐bloom and young bolls as sources of food resulted in limited gravidity while mature bolls were not associated with any egg formation. These findings further our understanding of how boll weevils feed on different parts of the cotton plant and how those parts as food sources are related to the biology and ecology of the boll weevil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Longevity and egg development of adult female boll weevils fed exclusively on different parts and stages of cotton fruiting bodies

Showler¹

2008

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Knipling (1960a,b) theoretically predicted range of boll weevil population values and estimated populations increase at those possible levels from low values of 2.5-fold in unfavorable overwintering period to 5-fold as a moderate increase, and to 7.5-fold as a high increase in favorable cotton-growing period. Lloyd et al (1964) found the average rate of increase of boll weevil populations was close to Þve-fold per generation. Lloyd and Merkl (1961) suggested that the rate of oviposition is related to the density of the population.…”

Section: Overwintering Boll Weevil Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Reproductive Potential of Overwintering, F1, and F2 Female Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Greenberg

Sappington

Sétamou

et al. 2007

Environmental Entomology

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The feeding and oviposition activity of overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), and seasonal fluctuations in development, survival, and reproduction of progeny of overwintering and firstand second-generation boll weevil females were determined in the laboratory at 27°C, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. During the cotton-free period in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, female boll weevils without access to cotton resorb their unlaid eggs and enter reproductive diapause. However, when they were provided daily with greenhouse-grown cotton squares, commencement of oviposition began after 7, 15, or 20 d, depending on when they were captured. Females captured later in the winter fed longer before laying eggs than those captured in the early fall, suggesting that it may take females longer to terminate diapause the longer they have been dormant. The rate of feeding by females was significantly less during the winter months, and this may have affected the rate of diet-mediated termination of dormancy. Females of the first and second generations after the overwintering generation produced a significantly higher percentage of progeny surviving to adulthood and a higher proportion of these progeny were females. Offspring development time from overwintering female parents was significantly longer than that from first and second generations under the same laboratory conditions. The total number of lifetime eggs produced by females of the second generation during the cotton-growing season were ≈9.9-fold higher than for overwintering females and 1.5-fold higher than for first-generation females. Life table calculations indicated that the population of second-generation boll weevils increased an average of 1.5-fold higher each generation than for females of the first generation and 22.6-fold higher than for overwintering females. Our data showed variation in boll weevil survival, development, and reproductive potential among the overwintering and first-and second-generation females, suggesting inherent seasonal fluctuations in these parameters. KeywordsAnthonomus grandis grandis, survival, development, reproduction, seasonal variation Disciplines Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology | Entomology CommentsThis article is from Environmental Entomology 36 (2007) ABSTRACT The feeding and oviposition activity of overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), and seasonal ßuctuations in development, survival, and reproduction of progeny of overwintering and Þrst-and second-generation boll weevil females were determined in the laboratory at 27ЊC, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. During the cotton-free period in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, female boll weevils without access to cotton resorb their unlaid eggs and enter reproductive diapause. However, when they were provided daily with greenhouse-grown cotton squares, commencement of oviposition began after 7, 15, or 20 d, depending on when they were captured. Females captured later in the winter fed longer before l...

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“…This deflection point was often the maximum observed for the season, ranging from 30 to lOO%, and usually occurred in late August through October. In some studies, the seasonal pattern of diapause was bimodal, mistakenly interpreted by Lloyd and Merkl (1961) and Lloyd et al (1964) to reflect the typical pattern of diapause among field populations.…”

Section: Fig 1 Percentages Of (A) Male and (B) Female Boll Weevils mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diapause in the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Seasonal Occurrence in Mississippi Populations

Wagner

Villavaso²

1999

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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This study examines the diapause response among boll weevils collected as immatures in squares at different times of the summer and held under simulated field photoperiods and temperatures of northern Mississippi. The percentage of adults exhibiting prediapause increased seasonally, starting with the 1st generation in July and achieving a maximal rate of 96.7% late in the year. A greater proportion of males achieved diapause than females at any given time, except late in the season when convergence in the diapause response of both sexes occurred. These results suggest that individuals in a population have different thresholds of sensitivity to the environmental cues regulating the onset of diapause. Models described the percentage of males and females in prediapause as a function of Julian date of emergence and daylength on the day of emergence. The latter models have potential application over a wide region of the Cotton Belt. Information from this study was used to suggest August starting dates for diapause control applications in the mid-Southrecommendations that subsequently were implemented in eradication programs in Alabama and Mississippi.

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A Field Study of Diapause, Diapause Control, and Population Dynamics of the Boll Weevil

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Longevity and egg development of adult female boll weevils fed exclusively on different parts and stages of cotton fruiting bodies

Longevity and egg development of adult female boll weevils fed exclusively on different parts and stages of cotton fruiting bodies

Reproductive Potential of Overwintering, F1, and F2 Female Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Diapause in the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Seasonal Occurrence in Mississippi Populations

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