A Fifth Pharyngeal Arch Artery Does Not Exist in Rat

Knackstedt, Thomas; Mangold, Ulrich

doi:10.1159/000147959

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In embryological texts and papers (Congdon, 1922; Heuser, 1923; Padget, 1948), an artery passing through the depth of the pharyngeal arch and temporarily connecting between the aortic sac and the dorsal aorta in the early embryonic stage has been often named the aortic arch. In the present study, however, this temporary artery is termed the pharyngeal arch artery, as in more recent references (Hiruma & Hirakow, 1995; Knackstedt & Mangold, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Development of pharyngeal arch arteries in early mouse embryo

2002

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The formation and transformation of the pharyngeal arch arteries in the mouse embryo, from 8.5 to 13 days of gestation (DG), was observed using scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts and graphic reconstruction of 1-µm serial epoxy-resin sections. Late in 8.5-9DG (12 somites), the paired ventral aortae were connected to the dorsal aortae via a loop anterior to the foregut which we call the 'primitive aortic arch', as in the chick embryo.The primitive aortic arch extended cranio-caudally to be transformed into the primitive internal carotid artery, which in turn gave rise to the primitive maxillary artery and the arteries supplying the brain. The second pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) appeared late in 9-9.5DG (16 -17 somites), and the ventral aorta bent dorsolaterally to form the first PAA anterior to the first pharyngeal pouch by early in 9.5-10DG (21-23 somites). The third PAA appeared early in 9.5-10DG (21-23 somites), the fourth late in 9.5-10DG (27-29 somites), and the sixth at 10DG (31-34 somites).By 10.5DG (35-39 somites), the first and second PAAs had been transformed into other arteries, and the third, fourth and sixth PAAs had developed well, though the PAA system still exhibited bilateral symmetry. By 13DG, the right sixth PAA had disappeared, and the remaining PAAs formed an aortic-arch system that was almost of the adult type.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Development of pharyngeal arch arteries in early mouse embryo

2002

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“…However, 5th PAAs have not been recognised in the mouse, and recently it was postulated that murine embryos (including mice and rats) do not develop a 5th pair of PAAs at all [Knackstedt and Mangold, 1997;Hiruma et al, 2002]. If mouse embryos do not develop 5th PAAs, this has two rather dramatic potential consequences: firstly, that malformations resulting from defective remodelling of the 5th PAAs do not exist in mice, and secondly, that despite the similarity of the morphology of the great intrathoracic arteries of humans and mice, it is questionable whether the mouse is a suitable model organism for researching the genesis of malformations of the PAA derivatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Mice Feature 5th Pharyngeal Arch Arteries and Double-Lumen Aortic Arch Malformations

Geyer

Weninger²

2012

Cells Tissues Organs

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A 5th pair of pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) has never been identified with certainty in mice. Murines in general are considered to not develop a 5th pair. If true, the significance of the mouse as a model for researching the genesis of malformations of the great intrathoracic arteries is limited. We aimed to investigate whether mouse embryos develop a 5th pair of PAAs and to identify malformations known to be caused by defective remodelling of the 5th PAAs. We employed the high-resolution episcopic microscopy method for creating digital volume data and three-dimensional (3D) computer models of the great intrathoracic arteries of 30 mouse embryos from days 12–12.5 post conception and 180 mouse fetuses from days 14.5 and 15.5 post conception. The 3D models of the fetuses were screened for the presence of a double-lumen aortic arch malformation. We identified such a malformation in 1 fetus. The 3D models of the embryos were analysed for the presence of 5th PAAs. Six of the 30 embryos (20%) showed a 5th PAA bilaterally, and an additional 9 (30%) showed a 5th PAA unilaterally. Our results prove that some mice do develop a 5th pair of PAAs. They also show that malformations which occur rarely in humans and result from defective remodelling of the left 5th PAA can be identified in mice as well. Thus, the mouse does represent an excellent model for researching the mechanisms driving PAA remodelling and the genesis of malformations of the great intrathoracic arteries.

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“…The third and fourth arches arise after one another as dorsal sprouts of the aortic sac, which connect with the dorsal aortae, either directly or via small ventral sprouts of the aortae, which form just prior to the connection (DeRuiter et al 1989). Debate still exists on the presence of a fifth arch artery in avian and mammalian species, but without going into much detail we can state that the connections concerned are variable in course and are only present for a short period of time (Reagan 1912;Congdon 1922;DeRuiter et al 1989;Knackstedt and Mangold 1998). In lower vertebrates a fifth arch artery is present and functional throughout life only in fishes and some amphibians (Romer 1970).…”

Section: Marsupialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy and ontogeny of the ductus arteriosus, a vascular outsider

Bergwerff¹,

DeRuiter²,

Groot³

1999

Anatomy and Embryology

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In its function of separating pulmonary and systemic arterial blood flow, the ductus arteriosus, which connects both circuits, either closes permanently at a certain stage in development or attains a capacity to close and reopen depending on the physiological needs in certain species. In air-breathing vertebrates varying from lungfish to mammals, the ductus arteriosus derives from the sixth pharyngeal arch artery, and in preparation for its specific task, undergoes its own unique differentiation programme, starting early in development. To date, the mechanisms involved in defining this unique status, as compared to the other great arteries, are unclear. This review clarifies some of the elusiveness of the ductus arteriosus. It includes a comparative description of this artery in species exemplifying the different classes of air-breathing vertebrates, and illustrates similarities and differences in morphogenesis and closure mechanisms among the species. It also deals with possible influences of vascular innervation and with congenital anomalies in which the ductus arteriosus is involved. New data suggest that HOXB5 expression in the neural crest along the dorsal half of the sixth arch artery may be involved in the instigation of ductus arteriosus differentiation.

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A Fifth Pharyngeal Arch Artery Does Not Exist in Rat

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Development of pharyngeal arch arteries in early mouse embryo

Development of pharyngeal arch arteries in early mouse embryo

Some Mice Feature 5th Pharyngeal Arch Arteries and Double-Lumen Aortic Arch Malformations

Comparative anatomy and ontogeny of the ductus arteriosus, a vascular outsider

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