A fifty year perspective of magmatic evolution on Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand: verification of open system behaviour in an arc volcano

Gamble, J. A.; Wood, C. P.; Price, Richard; Smith, I. E.; Stewart, Robert B.; Waight, Tod E.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00106-5

Cited by 119 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We found that an exponential relationship between repose period and silica content of the magma provides a satisfactory fit to the data. Davidson et al, 1988;Gamble et al, 1999;Hildreth et al, 1986]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the openness of magmatic systems is difficult to determine since there is no unambiguous way to track magma transport from the generation and segregation through the crust to volcanic output. On balance, many magma systems are thought to be open systems in that they receive additional inputs of heat and mass during magmatic evolution [Davidson et al, 1988;Fowler et al, 2004;Gamble et al, 1999;Hildreth et al, 1986;Petford and Gallagher, 2001]. Closed magmatic systems which exchange heat but little material with their surroundings (i.e., neither assimilation nor recharge is important) may be rather uncommon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term volumetric eruption rates and magma budgets

White

Crisp

Spera

2006

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

371

274

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[1] A global compilation of 170 time-averaged volumetric volcanic output rates (Q e ) is evaluated in terms of composition and petrotectonic setting to advance the understanding of long-term rates of magma generation and eruption on Earth. Repose periods between successive eruptions at a given site and intrusive:extrusive ratios were compiled for selected volcanic centers where long-term (>10 4 years) data were available. More silicic compositions, rhyolites and andesites, have a more limited range of eruption rates than basalts. Even when high Q e values contributed by flood basalts (9 ± 2 Â 10 À1 km 3 /yr) are removed, there is a trend in decreasing average Q e with lava composition from basaltic eruptions (2.6 ± 1.0 Â 10 À2 km 3 /yr) to andesites (2.3 ± 0.8 Â 10 À3 km 3 /yr) and rhyolites (4.0 ± 1.4 Â 10 À3 km 3 /yr). This trend is also seen in the difference between oceanic and continental settings, as eruptions on oceanic crust tend to be predominately basaltic. All of the volcanoes occurring in oceanic settings fail to have statistically different mean Q e and have an overall average of 2.8 ± 0.4 Â 10 À2 km 3 /yr, excluding flood basalts. Likewise, all of the volcanoes on continental crust also fail to have statistically different mean Q e and have an overall average of 4.4 ± 0.8 Â 10 À3 km 3 /yr. Flood basalts also form a distinctive class with an average Q e nearly two orders of magnitude higher than any other class. However, we have found no systematic evidence linking increased intrusive:extrusive ratios with lower volcanic rates. A simple heat balance analysis suggests that the preponderance of volcanic systems must be open magmatic systems with respect to heat and matter transport in order to maintain eruptible magma at shallow depth throughout the observed lifetime of the volcano. The empirical upper limit of $10 À2 km 3 /yr for magma eruption rate in systems with relatively high intrusive:extrusive ratios may be a consequence of the fundamental parameters governing rates of melt generation (e.g., subsolidus isentropic decompression, hydration due to slab dehydration and heat transfer between underplated magma and the overlying crust) in the Earth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term volumetric eruption rates and magma budgets

White

Crisp

Spera

2006

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

371

274

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although investigations of reworked pyroclastic material lack the detailed eruptive chronology preserved in primary fall deposits, we chose to study this unit because other proximal deposits on the cone lack stratigraphic context and more-distal fall deposits on the ring plain are altered, too fine-grained for equivalent textural study or the subject of other studies. Our results are interpreted in the context of other young eruptive products from Ruapehu (Donoghue et al 1995;Nakagawa et al 1998Nakagawa et al , 1999Gamble et al 1999;Moebis et al 2011), and provide new details for analysis of andesite petrogenesis on Ruapehu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…7; see also supplementary files) of LeBas et al (1986). The diagram also includes previously published analyses from the Taurewa and Tufa Trig formations, and our analyses of glass inclusions (Donoghue et al 1995;Gamble et al 1999;Nakagawa et al 1999). Major oxide analyses reveal a strong contrast with the widely varied compositions Figure 6 Zoning pattern in pyroxene: two of the many different and often complex zonation patterns that were observed.…”

Section: Whole-rock Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Petrological record from young Ruapehu eruptions in the 4.5 ka Kiwikiwi Formation, Whangaehu Gorge, New Zealand

Auer

White

Nakagawa

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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A petrological study of the Kiwikiwi Formation from Mount Ruapehu is presented. We apply mineral thermobarometry to investigate the volcano's plumbing system and the petrogenesis of the Kiwikiwi andesite. The earliest petrographic record is preserved in rare orthopyroxeneÁplagioclase (X An 85) glomerocrysts and scarce highly resorbed olivine. A traverse of the magma through an extensive crustal mush column resulted in crystallisation of a two pyroxeneÁplagioclase andesite. Complex mineral zonation and a large range of glass composition was the result of the frequent intrusion of small magma batches into the system. The range of mineral and end-member liquid compositions suggest that crystallisation commenced at c. 25 km depth. Subsequent ascent through the crust added considerable textural complexities but resulted in only little net loss to cumulate phases. The last magma storage occurred at crustal levels of c. 5 km depth prior to the eruption of a highly porphyritic andesitic magma.

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“…We used the whole rock powder of a Ruapehu scoria sample from the 1995-1996 eruptions of Ruapehu, which has a similar composition to other historical scoria samples (e.g., Gamble et al, 1999;Kilgour et al, 2013) of H-Ar gas, which allows for the oxygen fugacity to be buffered at ∼ nickel-nickel oxide (NNO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological controls on the eruption potential and style of an andesite volcano: A case study from Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

Kilgour

Mader

Blundy

et al. 2016

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractThe evolving magma rheology of three recent Ruapehu eruptions (1969, 1977, and 1995) is estimated using a combination of thermodynamic models and rheological calculations, supported by textural observations of the erupted scoria. We use a well-established thermodynamic model to determine the composition of these representative Ruapehu magmas from 300 MPa to ∼ 30MPa. The outputs of the model provide the changing crystal and bubble content in a closed system (assuming no gas loss), as well as the fractionating melt compositions. We calculate the melt viscosity, and the effect of bubbles and crystals, to quantify the rheology of the magma during ascent (under assumed equilibrium conditions). The moderately high phenocryst content of Ruapehu scoria (∼ 30 %) means that only a small amount of additional microlite crystallisation (∼ 5 %) would result in a yield strength, which may lead the magma to stall. However, if the strain rates are high enough, more crystallisation would be possible without developing a yield stress. This suggests that microlite-rich magmas are almost certain to stall unless they encounter significant fluid addition from a source such as a hydrothermal system, groundwater, or surface water (i.e., Ruapehu's Crater Lake).Ruapehu magmas are initially H 2 O-undersaturated and as a consequence, crystallisation and bubble growth were suppressed until the magma achieved saturation, at ∼ 100 to 50 MPa.From this analysis, we suggest that Ruapehu magmas are more likely to erupt compared to magmas of a similar composition that are H 2 O-saturated. This partly explains the regular, albeit small-volume eruptions at Ruapehu and the propensity for phreatomagmatic eruptions when the magma:water ratio is low.

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A fifty year perspective of magmatic evolution on Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand: verification of open system behaviour in an arc volcano

Cited by 119 publications

References 25 publications

Long‐term volumetric eruption rates and magma budgets

Long‐term volumetric eruption rates and magma budgets

Petrological record from young Ruapehu eruptions in the 4.5 ka Kiwikiwi Formation, Whangaehu Gorge, New Zealand

Rheological controls on the eruption potential and style of an andesite volcano: A case study from Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

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