A fine-focusing x-ray source using carbon-nanofiber field emitter

Sugimoto, Wataru; Sugita, Shukei; Sakai, Yusuke; Goto, Hideto; Watanabe, Yoshito; Ohga, Yosuke; Kita, S.; Ohara, T.

doi:10.1063/1.3475213

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…High-performance field emitters are of great technological promise as they serve as potential building blocks for microelectronic devices such as X-ray sources, microwave amplifiers, and flat panel displays [1][2][3]. Thus, a wide variety of metal oxide nanomaterials have been explored to expand the pool of candidates for field emitters owing to their superior antioxidation ability which can operate under unfavorable environment with relatively high oxygen partial pressure in their applications [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electron field emission from CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles

Zhang

et al. 2015

Appl. Phys. A

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A simple and controllable method was reported for the decoration of CuO nanoplate arrays with Au nanoparticles. It had been achieved through the reaction between Sn 2? and AuCl 4 -in the presence of CuO nanoplate arrays. The structure and electron field emission properties of CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with different amounts of Au nanoparticles were investigated. The results demonstrated a remarkable enhancement of field emission performance of CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles. The effect of Au amount on the field emission performance was studied in detail, and excellent field emission properties such as a low turn-on electric field of 6.7 V/lm and a high field enhancement factor of 516 could be realized from the optimized sample. On the basis of experimental results, a possible mechanism for the formation of the CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles was speculated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electron field emission from CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles

Zhang

et al. 2015

Appl. Phys. A

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“…Most devices fabricated to date operate in either DC or low frequency (tens of Hz) mode [148,150,151,154,160,163,169,171,182,184,159,200,202,204,205,[207][208][209]211,212] with only a very limited set of electronically controlled devices operating at frequencies in excess of a few hundred Hz to a few kHz [149,198,203,210]. The highest electronic pulse rate achieved to date is of the order of 10 7 Hz, as reported by Cheng et al [201].…”

Section: Pulsed Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…FE tubes with cathodes constructed from CNFs have also incorporated conventional three stage electrostatic Einzel lenses. Such systems have achieved focal spot sizes down to 40 μm [200].…”

Section: Micro Focal Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many groups have grown CNTs, by CVD or derivatives thereof, directly on conical or other shaped tips, on common Spindt-like materials [213], Si [169,205,214] or bulk metals [200]. As such, these systems do not exploit the full geometric potential of the CNTs; they simply amplify, often only marginally, the existing field enhancement factor of the tip structures and almost always result in an induced asymmetry in the electron beam profile that is challenging to accommodate with conventional electrostatic focussing.…”

Section: Beam Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray generation using carbon nanotubes

et al. 2015

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Since the discovery of X-rays over a century ago the techniques applied to the engineering of X-ray sources have remained relatively unchanged. From the inception of thermionic electron sources, which, due to simplicity of fabrication, remain central to almost all X-ray applications, there have been few fundamental technological advances. However, with the emergence of ever more demanding medical and inspection techniques, including computed tomography and tomosynthesis, security inspection, high throughput manufacturing and radiotherapy, has resulted in a considerable level of interest in the development of new fabrication methods. The use of conventional thermionic sources is limited by their slow temporal response and large physical size. In response, field electron emission has emerged as a promising alternative means of deriving a highly controllable electron beam of a well-defined distribution. When coupled to the burgeoning field of nanomaterials, and in particular, carbon nanotubes, such systems present a unique technological opportunity. This review provides a summary of the current state-of-the-art in carbon nanotube-based field emission X-ray sources. We detail the various fabrication techniques and functional advantages associated with their use, including the ability to produce ever smaller electron beam assembles, shaped cathodes, enhanced temporal stability and emergent fast-switching pulsed sources. We conclude with an overview of some of the commercial progress made towards the realisation of an innovative and disruptive technology.

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“…In high-quality X-ray imaging, a small focal spot of X-rays must be generated at the anode target upon electron beam (e-beam) bombardment [3]. The focal spot (FS) of X-rays depends on the size of the accelerated e-beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Focusing Lens Module With Large Focusing Capability in Carbon Nanotube Emitter-Based X-Ray Sources

Kim

Shin

Jeong

et al. 2015

IEEE Electron Device Lett.

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We fabricated and analyzed an electrostatic focusing lens (FL) module comprising a micro-FL with many holes near the gate and a macro-FL of single aperture toward the anode for carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter-based X-ray sources. The micro-FL suppresses the divergence of the electron beams whereas the macro-FL governs the shape of the beam bundle. The FL module can be controlled over a wide range of gate and anode voltages while maintaining the focal spot. We achieved a small focal spot of 300 µm from CNT emitter dot arrays of 10 mm × 1.6 mm with line pairs of 3 lp/mm maintained for different anode voltages.Index Terms-Carbon nanotube, field emission, X-ray source, electrostatic focusing lens, multiple-energy X-ray.

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A fine-focusing x-ray source using carbon-nanofiber field emitter

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Enhanced electron field emission from CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles

Enhanced electron field emission from CuO nanoplate arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles

X-ray generation using carbon nanotubes

Electrostatic Focusing Lens Module With Large Focusing Capability in Carbon Nanotube Emitter-Based X-Ray Sources

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