A fine line – endophytes or pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana

Junker, Corina; Draeger, Siegfried; Schulz, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2012.05.002

Cited by 76 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our studies corroborate with Junker, Draeger & Schulz (2012), who inoculated A. thaliana with endophytes isolated from A. thaliana, and demonstrate that A. thaliana is colonized by endophytes under various experimental conditions. Including DSE isolated from A. thaliana grown under natural conditions in our studies would have considerably strengthened the selection of fungi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is particularly true as A. thaliana with its expedient life cycle can be harnessed to large-scale laboratory manipulations. Our studies described herein as well as those of others (Peškan-Beghöfer et al 2004, Lee et al 2011, Junker et al 2012 highlight the potential of exploring fungal symbioses in well-controlled, axenic laboratory conditions where host-fungus interactions can be assessed in absence of environmental variability at the level of genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Junker et al (2012) reported an increase in symptoms of otherwise largely asymptomatic foliar endophytes when they were inoculated back into axenically grown A. thaliana. The authors interpreted their observations in light of a delicate balance between virulence of naturally occurring fungi and the defenses of their hosts when grown in a system that favored the fungi but not the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outcome of an interaction likely depends on a delicate balance between the fungal virulence and host defense, both affected by genotype, physiology, nutritional status, developmental stages of the partners and environmental factors (Saikkonen et al 1998, Redman et al 2001, Faeth & Sullivan 2003, Schulz 2006, Junker et al 2012. Alternatively, this variability can be viewed as a cost-benefit ratio between the host's carbon investment to the maintenance of a symbiosis and the benefit derived from it (Johnson et al 1997, Schwartz & Hoeksema 1998, Mandyam & Jumpponen 2005, Hoeksema et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis thaliana model system reveals a continuum of responses to root endophyte colonization

2013

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis thaliana model system reveals a continuum of responses to root endophyte colonization

2013

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“…For example, several bacterial and fungal genera or species complexes include mutualistic, pathogenic and endophytic species [39]. Such microbe-host relationships can in fact switch between neutral, beneficial and detrimental in response to, for example, environmental factors [40,41]. It is noteworthy that some of the components necessary for a successful arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, and which are present in streptophyte algae or bryophytes, can also be used for defense signaling [42].…”

Section: Ancient Land Plant-microbe Interactions and Evidence From Momentioning

confidence: 99%

On plant defense signaling networks and early land plant evolution

Vries

Dahlen

Gould

et al. 2018

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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All land plants must cope with phytopathogens. Algae face pathogens, too, and it is reasonable to assume that some of the strategies for dealing with pathogens evolved prior to the origin of embryophytes – plant terrestrialization simply changed the nature of the plant-pathogen interactions. Here we highlight that many potential components of the angiosperm defense toolkit are i) found in streptophyte algae and non-flowering embryophytes and ii) might be used in non-flowering plant defense as inferred from published experimental data. Nonetheless, the common signaling networks governing these defense responses appear to have become more intricate during embryophyte evolution. This includes the evolution of the antagonistic signaling pathways of jasmonic and salicylic acid, multiple independent expansions of resistance genes, and the evolution of resistance gene-regulating microRNAs. Future comparative studies will illuminate which modules of the streptophyte defense signaling network constitute the core and which constitute lineage- and/or environment-specific (peripheral) signaling circuits.

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The Microbe‐Free Plant: Fact or Artifact

Heil¹

2015

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

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Plant-microbe interactions are ubiquitous. Plants are threatened by pathogens, but they are even more commonly engaged in neutral or mutualistic interactions with microbes: belowground microbial plant associates are mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobia, and plant-growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria, aboveground plant parts are colonized by internally living bacteria and fungi (endophytes) and by microbes in the phyllosphere (epiphytes). We emphasize here that a completely microbe-free plant is an exotic exception rather than the biologically relevant rule. The complex interplay of such microbial communities with the host-plant affects multiple vital parameters such as plant nutrition, growth rate, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and plant survival and distribution.The mechanisms involved reach from direct ones such as nutrient acquisition, the production of plant hormones, or direct antibiosis, to indirect ones that are mediated by effects on host resistance genes or via interactions at higher trophic levels. Plant-associated microbes are heterotrophic and cause costs to their host plant, whereas the benefits depend on the current environment. Thus, the outcome of the interaction for the plant host is highly context dependent. We argue that considering the microbe-free plant as the "normal" or control stage significantly impairs research into important phenomena such as (1) phenotypic and epigenetic plasticity, (2) the "normal" ecological outcome of a given interaction, and (3) the evolution of plants. For the future, we suggest cultivation-independent screening methods using direct PCR from plant tissue of more than one fungal and bacterial gene to collect data on the true microbial diversity in wild plants. The patterns found could be correlated to host species and environmental conditions, in order to formulate testable hypotheses on the biological roles of plant endophytes in nature. Experimental approaches should compare different host-endophyte combinations under various relevant environmental conditions and study at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and physiological level the parameters that cause the interaction to shift along the mutualism-parasitism continuum.

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A fine line – endophytes or pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Arabidopsis thaliana model system reveals a continuum of responses to root endophyte colonization

Arabidopsis thaliana model system reveals a continuum of responses to root endophyte colonization

On plant defense signaling networks and early land plant evolution

The Microbe‐Free Plant: Fact or Artifact

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