A fish a day, keeps the cardiologist away! - A review of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the cardiovascular system

Peter, Soumia; Chopra, Sandeep; Jacob, Jubbin Jagan

doi:10.4103/2230-8210.111630

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Because more than 50% of all sudden deaths from cardiac causes occur in people with no history of cardiac disease [63], preventive efforts must address this segment of the population to have a substantial effect on the overall incidence of sudden death from cardiac causes. Prospective data from observational studies and randomized trials suggest that the long-chain n –3 PUFAs found in fish may reduce the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes, not only among unhealthy subjects, such as patients starting hemodialysis or with atrial fibrillation [65,66], but also among men without a history of cardiovascular disease [63]. This beneficial effect on the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes in observational studies and randomized trials could be due in part to the anti-arrhythmic effects of n –3 PUFAs, as reported from experimental models [67,68].…”

Section: N-3 Pufas and Cardiovascular Health: Anti-arrhythmic Potementioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

et al. 2018

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The influence of nutrition has the potential to substantially affect physical function and body metabolism. Particular attention has been focused on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which can be found both in terrestrial features and in the marine world. They are responsible for numerous cellular functions, such as signaling, cell membrane fluidity, and structural maintenance. They also regulate the nervous system, blood pressure, hematic clotting, glucose tolerance, and inflammatory processes, which may be useful in all inflammatory conditions. Animal models and cell-based models show that n-3 PUFAs can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that they can influence not only the exercise and the metabolic response of skeletal muscle, but also the functional response for a period of exercise training. In addition, their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may provide health benefits and performance improvement especially in those who practice physical activity, due to their increased reactive oxygen production. This review highlights the importance of n-3 PUFAs in our diet, which focuses on their potential healthy effects in sport.

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Section: N-3 Pufas and Cardiovascular Health: Anti-arrhythmic Potementioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

et al. 2018

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“…The cardioprotective effects of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) or “fish oils” were first identified in Greenland and Japanese populations where the mortality rate from CVDs were significantly less compared to Western populations [ 7 , 8 ]. These beneficial effects were attributed to high consumption of fish; subsequently clinical and epidemiological studies on n-3 PUFAs reported therapeutic benefits to health [ 9 ]. The beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs include providing protective cardiovascular effects, enhancing brain function, attenuating the risk of cancer, and inhibiting inflammation [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the vasodilation effects of DHA and EPA, n-3 PUFAs (fish oils), in rat aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries

2018

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Background and purposeIncreasing evidence suggests that the omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are beneficial to cardiovascular health, promoting relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation. Numerous studies have attempted to study these responses, but to date there has not been a systematic characterisation of both DHA and EPA mediated vasodilation in conduit and resistance arteries. Therefore, we aimed to fully characterise the n-3 PUFA-induced vasodilation pathways in rat aorta and mesenteric artery.MethodsWire myography was used to measure the vasomotor responses of freshly dissected rat mesenteric artery and aorta. Arteries were pre-constricted with U46619 and cumulative concentrations of either DHA or EPA (10 nM-30 μM) were added. The mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA relaxed arteries were investigated using inhibitors of vasodilator pathways, which include: nitric oxide synthase (NOS; L-NAME), cycloxygenase (COX; indomethacin), cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450; clotrimazole); and calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa), SKCa (apamin), IKCa (TRAM-34) and BKCa (paxilline).ResultsBoth DHA- and EPA-induced relaxations were partially inhibited following endothelium removal in rat mesenteric arteries. Similarly, in aorta EPA-induced relaxation was partially suppressed due to endothelium removal. CYP450 also contributed to EPA-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery. Inhibition of IKCa partially attenuated DHA-induced relaxation in aorta and mesenteric artery along with EPA-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery. Furthermore, this inhibition of DHA- and EPA-induced relaxation was increased following the additional blockade of BKCa in these arteries.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of heterogeneity in the vasodilation mechanisms of DHA and EPA in different vascular beds. Our data also demonstrates that endothelium removal has little effect on relaxations produced by either PUFA. We demonstrate IKCa and BKCa are involved in DHA-induced relaxation in rat aorta and mesenteric artery; and EPA-induced relaxation in rat mesenteric artery only. CYP450 derived metabolites of EPA may also be involved in BKCa dependent relaxation. To our knowledge this is the first study indicating the involvement of IKCa in n-3 PUFA mediated relaxation.

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“…[ 9 ] Fish is relatively cheaper form of protein and known to have protective role not only in CKD but also in coronary artery disease. [ 30 ] Hence, fish intake should be promoted in the community as a replacement for other types of meat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of non-allopathic drugs and dietary factors with chronic kidney disease: A matched case–control study in South India

Akkilagunta

Premarajan

Parameswaran

et al. 2018

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background:The multifactorial etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to vary with geographical region. Although diabetes and hypertension are the major known contributors for CKD, the role of other risk factors relevant to India needs to be explored. This study was done to find out the role of dietary factors and nonallopathic drugs in CKD.Materials and Methods:A hospital-based individual pair-matched case–control study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India. The sample included 80 incident cases of CKD matched with 80 controls. Factors assessed in the study include sociodemographic factors, medical history, dietary factors, nonallopathic drugs, substance use, and other possible confounders. Univariate analysis was performed using McNemar's test and multivariate analysis was done using conditional logistic regression.Results:On multivariate analysis, lifetime exposure to nonallopathic drugs increased risk of CKD by approximately five times [odds ratio (OR): 5.15, confidence interval (CI): 1.27–20.87] and chicken intake (two to three times a month to once a week) had an increased risk by approximately four times (OR = 4.23, CI: 1.13–15.80). Fish intake at a frequency of two to three times or more reduced the risk of CKD by 94% (OR = 0.06, CI: 0.01–0.43).Conclusion:Chicken intake and lifetime exposure to nonallopathic drugs could increase risk for CKD in South India. Increased fish intake was found to be protective for CKD.

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A fish a day, keeps the cardiologist away! - A review of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the cardiovascular system

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

Characterisation of the vasodilation effects of DHA and EPA, n-3 PUFAs (fish oils), in rat aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries

Association of non-allopathic drugs and dietary factors with chronic kidney disease: A matched case–control study in South India

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