A five-stage cyclone system for in situ sampling.

Smith, Wallace B.; Wilson, R.R.; Harris, D. Bruce

doi:10.1021/es60159a016

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The very sharp cut cyclone is a tangential, round-entry cyclone based on the design of the SRI-II cyclone originally described by Smith et al (1979). The SRI cyclones were developed for size-selective stack sampling but have since proved useful for a range of applications stemming from a re-examination of their characteristics by Kenny and Gussman (1997).…”

Section: Design and Validation Of The Penetration Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SCC family, with similar geometry to the SRI III cyclone, has a much sharper penetration curve and offers comparable size selectivity to the WINS impactor for ambient PM 2.5 sampling, but with much better performance under loading . Finally, the VSCC cyclone described in this article is closely modeled on the SRI-II cyclone described by Smith et al (1979).…”

Section: Design and Validation Of The Penetration Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ddevelopment and Designation Testing of a New USEPA-Approved Fine Particle Inlet: A Study of the USEPA Designation Process

Kenny

Merrifield²,

Mark

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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This article discusses the practical challenge of meeting USEPA requirements for equivalency between novel particulate matter monitoring instruments and the USEPA WINS PM 2.5 Impactor (i.e., the Federal Reference Method sampler for fine particulate matter). A project was undertaken to develop a new PM 2.5 instrument in which the WINS impactor was substituted by a cyclone, to give superior performance over long sampling periods under heavy loading. Empirical cyclone models were used to develop a new generation of very sharp cut cyclones (VSCC), together with a particular VSCC specimen suited to PM 2.5 sampling at 16.67 l min −1 . In laboratory tests, this VSCC demonstrated a precise 2.5 µm D 50 cutpoint and sharpness as good as the WINS. A formal application was then undertaken to achieve USEPA Class II Equivalency designation. The process included aerosol laboratory loading trials, with results showing no change in cutpoint after up to 90 days between cleaning cycles. Field trials to compare the VSCC to the WINS FRM were then performed in both western and eastern air sheds to demonstrate the precision and accuracy of the candidate VSCC FEM. The results showed that the VSCC instrument yielded precision and accuracy within USEPA requirements, although the USEPA data requirements for the field trials (in terms of aerosol size distribution and concentration) were not fully met. The outcome of the project was that the Class II equivalency designation was achieved, but not without major difficulties in gathering suitable and sufficient data to meet the stringent test requirements laid down by USEPA. Some changes in the designation procedure are recommended in light of this experience.

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Section: Design and Validation Of The Penetration Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Validation Of The Penetration Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ddevelopment and Designation Testing of a New USEPA-Approved Fine Particle Inlet: A Study of the USEPA Designation Process

Kenny

Merrifield²,

Mark

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…1 are presented DMA and impactor aerosol sampling apparatus in their positions at the stack. After a warm-up period, an aerosol sample was aspirated through a isokinetic nozzle into a pre-cyclone (Smith et al, 1979;McCain et al, 1986), having the Stokes cut diameter of 2.5 pm. The aerosol sampled by cyclonc was analyzed afterward by wind sievc (Swedish standard 2845, 2846).…”

Section: Esp Description and Fly Ash Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Precipitator Penetration Function for Pulverized Coal Combustion

Ylätalo

Hautanen

1998

Aerosol Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT. The penetration of fly ash particles through an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was measured as a function of particle size in the range of 0.02-0.7 pm (divided into 32 mobility channels) with a combination of an electrostatic classifier (DMA) and a condensation nucleus counter (CNC), but in the size range of 1.0-10 p m with the Berner type low-pressure impactor (BLPI). The measurements were carried out at a 300 MW power plant firing Polish bituminous coal during several operating conditions for coal combustion and ESP, data being acquired by both instruments and ranges. Gas composition (NO,, SO,, CO,, CO, and 0,) was monitored by gas analyzers located downstream from the ESP. The ESP's operating voltage and currents were recorded. Electrical mobility distributions were measured with prime apparatus, the DMPS system. These data were reduced to the desired number size distributions with the commercial TSI-algorithm. D50-method was applied to impactor data. Fractional penetration curves were calculated from the size distributions channel by channel as the ratio of outlet concentration to that at inlet, respectively. Penetration functions appeared to depend on the boiler load, ESP voltages, and the operation of coal mill. The highest penetration was achieved with highest boiler load. The penetration dependence as a function of particle size was bimodal, reproducible, and compared against the conventional theories. Bimodal structure of the penetration curve was detected first when the first section of the ESP had low current density, and reproduced when the last section of ESP was turned totally off in an experiment to imitate the electrical conditions of the first experiment. These data add consistently to the experimental studies previously made with an industrial sized ESP. However, the resolution of the instrumentation of this study is better and confirms the doubts of theoretical suspicion against the conventional Deutsch model and its variants.

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“…Modiÿcations to the operation can include using two or more cyclones in parallel or in series (Grane, Barbaris, & Behrouzi, 1992;Smith, Cushing, & Wilson, 1982;Smith & Wilson, 1979), and electrifying the cyclone to set up a radial potential gradient, which would augment the collecting force (Cheng & Wang, 1999;Dietz, 1982;Gradon, Luckner, Podgorski, & Werterjuk, 1998;Lim, Lee, & Kuhlman, 2001;Plucinski, Gradon, & Nowicki, 1989). Dietz (1982) enhanced the cyclone separator using an electrical force, and Plucinski et al (1989) and Gradon et al (1998) applied high voltages to the vortex ÿnder to form the electric ÿeld.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%