A five year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Guba district, Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, western Ethiopia: a retrospective study

Abstract

Background In Ethiopia, malaria is a serious public health concern and has great impact on socio-economy. The trend analysis of malaria data from health facilities is useful for understanding its transmission dynamics and implementing evidence-based malaria control strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of malaria infection in Guba district, western Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken at Mankush Health Centre, western Ethiopia. All malaria cases reported from 2014 to 2018 were carefully reviewed from the laboratory record books to determine the trends of malaria morbidity. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results In total, 16,964 malaria suspects were diagnosed using microscopy over the last 5 years, of which 8658 (51.04%) were confirmed positive cases. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection (both species) accounted for 75.2, 24.5 and 0.28% of the cases, respectively. Males patients were more affected (n = 5028, 58.1%) than female ones (n = 3630, 41.9%). Of the total confirmed cases, 60.4% were age group of subjects (≥ 15 years) followed by 22.6% of 5–14 years and 15.9% of under 5 years. High malaria prevalence was observed in spring (September to November) season, while the least was observed in autumn (March to May) with the prevalence of 45.6 and 11.5%, respectively. Conclusions The study demonstrated that malaria is a public health concern, in which P. falciparum is the predominant species followed by P. vivax. Therefore, the district health bureau and other concerned stakeholders should strength evidence-based malaria control and prevention interventions to interrupt disease transmission and eventual reduction malaria of malaria cases in Guba district.

A Retrospective Study of Malaria Trend in Libokemkem District Over the Last Five Years: North West Ethiopia

“…This finding was consistent with findings from other investigations conducted Ethiopian. 18,19,22,26 The finding also corresponds to the monthly malaria transmission pattern reported by Ethiopia's federal ministry of health. 27 This is because high rainfall in the summer creates a perfect breeding habitat for female Anopheles mosquitos, causing malaria vector density to peak in most parts of the country from summer to autumn.…”

“…[16][17][18] However, this finding was lower than malaria prevalence recorded in Guba district, Boricha District, Southern Ethiopia, and East Wollega Zone. [19][20][21] On the other hand, the research conducted in Felege hiwot referral Hospital and Woreta Health Center, had a lower malaria positivity rate. 22,23 The discrepancy in malaria positivity rates between this study and others could be attributed to climatic and altitude differences, differences in competency of the microscopists, malaria vector pesticide, and parasite medication resistance.…”

“…25 But, it differs significantly from another researches conducted in Ethiopia. 17,19,20,26 According to information obtained from the Libokemkem district health office, the cause for the increase in malaria cases in 2019/ 20 is that there have been no intervention efforts such as availability of ITN for the past three years in the district. Furthermore, there may be persistence of the parasite due to drug resistance in the area.…”

A five-year (2016-2020) trend analysis of malaria surveillance data in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.

“…Proportion of parasitological con rmation treatment rate was sharply increases from (95.5%) to (99%) during the last ve-years (2016-2020) respectively. Unlikely, the clinical malaria treatment rate was decreases in the same study year from (4.5%) to (0.99%).This retrospective study was unlike with a ve-year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Mankush health center, Guba district, Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, and western Ethiopia from 2014-2018;which shows dramatic decrement of parasitological con rmation treatment rate from 85%-51% [14] .This controversial issue might be due to improper supply of diagnostic materials, lack of well-trained health professionals on the diagnostic materials.…”

Composition of Mosquito Fauna and Insecticide Resistance Status of Anopheles gambiae complex in Itang special woreda, Gambella, Southwestern Ethiopia

“…In Itang, P. falciparum constituted the most predominant malaria infections. Plasmodium falciparum is the dominant parasite species in most malaria epidemic regions which causes severe and complicated manifestations and almost all malaria deaths in different parts of the country [6,[79][80][81]. However, in some other malarious regions of the country for example Wolkite, Halaba and Arsi Negelle the situation vary and the most prevalent species is P. vivax[82][83][84]…”