A Flagellar Phage for the Proteus-providence Group

Appelbaum, Peter C.; Hugo, N.; Coetzee, J. N.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-13-1-153

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Studies with Salmonella sp. (23), Escherichia coli (28,29), Serratia marcescens (15), and the Proteus-providence group (1) have shown that bacteriophage X attacks only flagellated, motile strains. Schade et al (29) proposed the following mechanism for this phenomenon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlation between bacteriophage chi adsorption and mode of flagellar rotation of Escherichia coli chemotaxis mutants

Ravid¹,

Eisenbach²

1983

J Bacteriol

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We studied the adsorption of phage X to various behavioral mutants (che mutants) of Escherichia coli having different swimming modes. Bacteriophage X infects only bacteria with active flagella, and it was therefore of interest to examine whether the mode of swimming has an effect on the susceptibility of the bacteria to the phage. Neither the mode of swimming (smooth swimming or tumbling) nor the direction offlagellar rotation affected the degree of X adsorption to the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the tumbling frequency, the rotation speed (tethered cells of all of the strains examined had the same average speed of rotation), the time proportion of rotation, and the reversal frequency were not important in determining susceptibility to X. The only variable that influenced X adsorption was the fraction of the population whose flagella rotated incessantly. A direct, linear correlation was found between X adsorption and the fraction of unceasing rotation in each population. It seems, therefore, that an individual bacterium whose flagella pause periodically and briefly during rotation is not susceptible to irreversible adsorption of the phage. Pausing of rotation thus seems to be a new feature of motility that is prevalent especially in che mutants. It is concluded that irreversible X adsorption can serve as a quantitative assay only for incessant flagellar rotation of E. coli.Studies with Salmonella sp. (23), Escherichia coli (28, 29), Serratia marcescens (15), and the Proteus-providence group (1) have shown that bacteriophage X attacks only flagellated, motile strains. Schade et al. (29) proposed the following mechanism for this phenomenon. First, the phage attaches to the filament of the flagellum by its tail fiber, a step that does not require motile cells. In the second step, the phage travels to the base of the flagellum, a process that requires motile cells but not necessarily a translational movement. At the base of the flagellum, the phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell. Iino and Mitani (16) have shown that a Salmonella mutant, which is completely nonmotile because its flagellar filaments are straight, is fully sensitive to X. Based on this observation, Berg and Anderson (6) have suggested that only the flagellar rotation is required for the movement of the phage to the base of the flagella and that the motion of the cell body is not required. Berg and Anderson suggested that the phage moves down the filament like a nut on a bolt and the grooves between the helical rows of flagellin molecules serve as threads (6). The finding of Schade et al. (29) that the phage attach at stubs of flagella as short as 70 nm (after shearing off the filaments by blending) seems to indicate that the rotation of the flagellar hook may be enough for irreversible X adsorption (18).Many factors are involved in the motility of peritrichous bacteria. The unstimulated motion of E. coli or Salmonella bacteria is composed of periods of smooth swimming interrupted by brief tumbles (7). The tumbling frequency is altered by che...

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Correlation between bacteriophage chi adsorption and mode of flagellar rotation of Escherichia coli chemotaxis mutants

Ravid¹,

Eisenbach²

1983

J Bacteriol

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“…Our results suggest that particles of the phage PV22 are interacting with a C. jejuni cell on the same lines as infecting a P. vulgaris cell wherein certain phage interact by attaching to the flagella [26,27]. However, it should be noted that phage PV22 failed to replicate in C. jejuni .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bacteriophages that infect P. vulgaris , as in the case of other bacteria, have been utilized for typing schemes [20-22] and are structurally similar to phage from other bacteria [22-25]. Several of the Proteus -phages were shown to attach to the flagella of these bacteria [26,27]. Herein we report the isolation and phage attachment kinetics of a bacteriophage that productively infects P. vulgaris , but which attaches to the flagella of C. jejuni .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zhilenkov

Popova

Попов

et al. 2006

Virol J

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It was demonstrated that a bacteriophage that productively infects P. vulgaris was able to bind C. jejuni and by a spot test that the growth of C. jejuni was reduced relative to control bacteria in the region of phage application. There may be two interesting applications of this effect. First, it may be possible to test phage PV22 as an antimicrobial agent to decrease C. jejuni colonization of the chicken intestine. Second, the phage could potentially be utilized for investigating biogenesis of C. jejuni flagella.

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“…Our electron microscope observations are in accord with this interpretation and also indicate that adhesion may not be confined to the flagellar tip. It should be noted that the phage $x7, which attacks many motile strains of the Proteus-Providence group of bacteria, initially adsorbs to the bacterial flagella but shows no restriction with regard to the region of binding (Appelbaum et al, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Sites for Bacterial Flagella at the Surface of the Soil Amoeba Acanthamoeba

Preston

King

1984

Microbiology

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Acanthamoeba castellanii (CCAP 1534/3) was found to bind avidly the common soil bacterium Pseudomonasfluorescens. This adhesion was mediated not by pili nor by the general bacterial surface but by the polar flagella. Because of the nature of the flagellar rotary motor, the cell bodies of the attached bacteria could be seen rotating clearly. While initially bacterial binding occurred uniformly over the cell membrane of Acanthamoeba, the bacteria were soon swept posteriorly to form a cap and either endocytosed or sloughed off, still agglutinated by their flagella. Such capped amoebae would not bind Pseudomonas if challenged immediately, indicating a depletion of flagella-binding sites. The bacteria could not bind to amoebae pretreated with concanavalin A (Con A) even after the lectin had been capped to the uroid. However, capping of flagella-binding sites did not co-cap all the Con A-binding sites on the surface of the amoeba. The flagella-binding sites were not affected by pre-treatment with Pronase (1 mg ml -I ) or anti-Acanthamoeba surface antibody. Pruteus mirabilis also bound avidly by its flagella to Acanthamoeba and, furthermore, competition experiments suggested that Pruteus and Pseudomonas adhere to a common surface site on the amoeba. The presence of sites on the cell membrane of A . castellanii that are specific for flagellin would enhance strongly the adsorption of motile bacteria prior to endocytosis. This would represent an excellent feeding strategy for a soil-dwelling phagotroph.Abbreoiutions : Con A, concanavalin A ; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate.

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A Flagellar Phage for the Proteus-providence Group

Cited by 12 publications

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Correlation between bacteriophage chi adsorption and mode of flagellar rotation of Escherichia coli chemotaxis mutants

Correlation between bacteriophage chi adsorption and mode of flagellar rotation of Escherichia coli chemotaxis mutants

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Binding Sites for Bacterial Flagella at the Surface of the Soil Amoeba Acanthamoeba

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