“…ZnO NPs are used as co-catalysts in flame retardant finishings and are very effective in char formation during the burning of fabric [12]. Researchers showed that ZnO NPs, when used as co-catalysts, increase the flame retardancy of cotton fabric by increasing its thermal stability, as well as increasing the durability of the flame retardant [27][28][29]. Various techniques are being used for in situ synthesis of ZnO NPs onto fabric, such as hydrothermal, solvochemical, sol-gel, precipitation method, sonochemical, microwave irradiation method, etc.…”
The aim of the present research work was to develop halogen and formaldehyde-free, durable flame retardant fabric along with multifunctional properties and to find the optimal conditions and parameters. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were grown onto 100% cotton fabric using the sonochemical method. Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as precursors. After ZnO NPs growth, N-Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) flame retardant was applied in the presence of 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as cross-linkers using the conventional pad–dry–cure method. Induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine the deposited amount of Zn and phosphorous (P) contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to determine the surface morphology and characterization of the developed samples. Furthermore, the thermal degradation of the untreated and treated samples was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the vertical flame retardant test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), and antibacterial activity of samples were examined. The developed samples showed excellent results for flame retardancy (i.e., 39 mm char length, 0 s after flame time, 0 s after glow time), 32.2 LOI, 143.76 UPF, and 100% antibacterial activity.
“…ZnO NPs are used as co-catalysts in flame retardant finishings and are very effective in char formation during the burning of fabric [12]. Researchers showed that ZnO NPs, when used as co-catalysts, increase the flame retardancy of cotton fabric by increasing its thermal stability, as well as increasing the durability of the flame retardant [27][28][29]. Various techniques are being used for in situ synthesis of ZnO NPs onto fabric, such as hydrothermal, solvochemical, sol-gel, precipitation method, sonochemical, microwave irradiation method, etc.…”
The aim of the present research work was to develop halogen and formaldehyde-free, durable flame retardant fabric along with multifunctional properties and to find the optimal conditions and parameters. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were grown onto 100% cotton fabric using the sonochemical method. Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as precursors. After ZnO NPs growth, N-Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) flame retardant was applied in the presence of 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as cross-linkers using the conventional pad–dry–cure method. Induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine the deposited amount of Zn and phosphorous (P) contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to determine the surface morphology and characterization of the developed samples. Furthermore, the thermal degradation of the untreated and treated samples was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the vertical flame retardant test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), and antibacterial activity of samples were examined. The developed samples showed excellent results for flame retardancy (i.e., 39 mm char length, 0 s after flame time, 0 s after glow time), 32.2 LOI, 143.76 UPF, and 100% antibacterial activity.
“…The results obtained for the different layers were very similar, with no thermal event between room temperature up to 400°C and a thermal event peak around 450°C. This peak is related to the thermal degradation of polymers, since thermal degradation peak of polypropylene is 480°C 25 , of cellulose is around 370°C 26 and of polyester is around 430°C 27 . Figure 3 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG) of the four layers of untreated respirators and respirators treated by 6 cycles of H 2 O 2 plasma.…”
COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, an emerging respiratory pathogen. The work environment represents a high risk factor for health professionals. Given the scarcity of protective personal equipment (PPE) due to global demand, decontamination and reuse studies should be carried out. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a method of decontamination of N95/PFF2 respirators, especially regarding structural integrity. For that, N95/PFF2 respirators were subjected to hydrogen peroxide decontamination and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Seven respirators of the same brand and lot were used, one being a control and the other six subjected to decontamination process. As for the sealing, a qualitative test was applied, in order to identify the changes in the structure that could damage the sealing of respirators. Results indicated that the fiber morphology in all layers was not affected by the six decontamination cycles. Also, the thermal stability in the different layers was very similar. Fit testing showed that the respiradors submitted to all cycles of decontamination were approved. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the hydrogen peroxide decontamination method is effective, since it does not alter the physical properties of the respirators.
“…However, some synthetic fibers, such as PS fibers, lack chemically active groups and have compact structures, which makes it difficult to absorb and carry functional reagents. In order to realize compatibility between these fiber products and functional components, the solvent crazing technique is applied to these fiber structures [ 63 ].…”
Section: Recent Advances In Multifunctional Textiles With Flame Retar...mentioning
It is well known that bacterial infections and fire-hazards are potentially injurious in daily life. With the increased security awareness of life and properties as well as the improvement of living standards, there has been an increasing demand for multifunctional textiles with flame retardant and antibacterial properties, especially in the fields of home furnishing and medical protection. So far, various treatment methods, including the spray method, the dip-coating method, and the pad-dry-cure method, have been used to apply functional finishing agents onto fabrics to achieve the functionalization in the past exploration stage. Moreover, in addition to the traditional finishing technology, a number of novel technologies have emerged, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition, the sol-gel process, and chemical grafting modification. In addition, some natural biomasses, including chitin, chitosan (CS), and several synthetic functional compounds that possess both flame-retardant and bacteriostatic properties, have also received extensive attention. Hence, this review focuses on introducing some commonly used finishing technologies and flame retardant/antibacterial agents. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and materials were summarized, which will contribute to future research and promote the development and progress of the industry.
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