A Flexible Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Microbattery with Unprecedented Energy Density

Abstract

Currently, reported aqueous microbatteries (MBs) only show unsatisfactory electrochemical performance (≤120 mWh cm−3 volumetric energy density and <1000 μWh cm−2 areal energy density) and it remains challenging to develop durable aqueous MBs that can simultaneously offer both high volumetric and areal energy density. Herein, an in situ electrodeposition strategy is adopted to construct a flexible aqueous zinc–iodine MB (ZIDMB). Notably, the fabrication process well avoids the use of common additives (such as binders, conductive agents, and toxic solvent) and also bypasses subsequent time‐consuming procedures such as grinding, coating, drying, etc., thus greatly simplifying the manufacture of the ZIDMB. Meanwhile, owing to the suppression of the shuttle effect of triiodide ions and the high ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolyte, the ZIDMB can simultaneously deliver record‐high volumetric and areal energy densities of 1647.3 mWh cm−3 and 2339.1 μWh cm−2, thus achieving values at least 13.5‐ and 2.3‐fold better than those of best available aqueous MBs, respectively. This work affords an innovative strategy to construct an ideal micro‐power‐source for future miniaturized and integrated electronics.

In Situ Formation of Tungsten Nitride among Porous Carbon Polyhedra for High Performance Zinc–Iodine Batteries

“…And the signal peaks appearing at 618.5/630.0 eV are attributed to iodide anion. 44,45 The appearance of ionic iodine is due to the interaction between iodine and porous carbon, but the content of iodide ions in this state is significantly lower than that of iodine in terms of peak intensity. As the discharge proceeds, the signal intensity of iodine ions becomes stronger, while that of iodine becomes weaker, indicating that I 2 is reduced to iodide ions (I − ).…”

Design and manufacture of high-performance microbatteries: lithium and beyond

“…Moreover, zinc electrodes can work in aqueous electrolytes, thereby simplifying the battery manufacturing condition. Therefore, on-chip [95] and flexible [96,97] Zn-ion MBs have been proposed. For example, Jin et al prepared a flexible Zn-I 2 MB involving I 3 /Iredox couples [98] .…”

Progress of layered double hydroxide-based materials for supercapacitors

“…During charging and discharging, the ions migrating at the interface originate from the electrolyte. 46,47 Jin et al obtained polyaniline by in situ growth on an organic hydrogel polymer electrolyte and acquired a low-temperature resistant, externally stretched supercapacitor with excellent rate performance and cycling performance at À30 1C. 48 In addition, they developed an aqueous phase freeze-proof and heat-resistant symmetric micro-supercapacitor with a 2.3 V voltage window, using aqueous polyacrylamide polyelectrolytes and carbon nanotube electrodes, which shows good cycling stability in both high and low temperature environments.…”