A Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide Field‐Effect Transistor for Ultrasensitive Strain Sensing

Trung, Tran Quang; Tiên, Nguyễn Thành; Kim, Doil; Jang, Mi; Yoon, Ok Ja; Lee, Nae‐Eung

doi:10.1002/adfm.201301845

Cited by 146 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[ 17 ] Nanotechnology offers new opportunities in designing skinlike stretchable strain sensors, which could be classifi ed into three types: resistivity, [9][10][11][18][19][20][21][22] capacitance, [ 5,23 ] and piezoelectricity. [24][25][26] To date, a variety of nanomaterials, including graphene, [ 18,20,21,[27][28][29]33,34 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 5,9,23 ] metal nanoparticles, [ 30 ] nanowires, [ 19,25,26 ] and carbon black, [ 12,31,32 ] have been successfully used in designing a new class of high-performance strain sensors. The low strain down to 0.02%, [ 27 ] and ultrahigh GF of >1000, [ 20 ] high stretchability of >400% [ 22 ] have been demonstrated with nanotechnology strategies.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201400063mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26] To date, a variety of nanomaterials, including graphene, [ 18,20,21,[27][28][29]33,34 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 5,9,23 ] metal nanoparticles, [ 30 ] nanowires, [ 19,25,26 ] and carbon black, [ 12,31,32 ] have been successfully used in designing a new class of high-performance strain sensors. The low strain down to 0.02%, [ 27 ] and ultrahigh GF of >1000, [ 20 ] high stretchability of >400% [ 22 ] have been demonstrated with nanotechnology strategies.Despite impressive recent advances, it remains challenging to integrate ultralow strain detectability, ultrahigh stretchability, ultrahigh GF, and ultrathin device dimensions into a single type of strain sensor. Here, we report a simple yet effi cient fabrication methodology for such strain sensors, based on ultrathin gold nanowires (AuNWs).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Highly Stretchy Black Gold E‐Skin Nanopatches as Highly Sensitive Wearable Biomedical Sensors

Gong

Lai

et al. 2015

Adv Elect Materials

420

334

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approach to fabricate 1.64 µm-thin black-gold fi lms on any elastomeric sheet (latex rubber, Eco-fl ex, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc.) resulting in highly stretchable strain sensors. The ultrathin sensors could detect strains as small as 0.01% and as large as 350%, simultaneously with a typical GF of 6.9-9.9, a fast response (<22 ms). We observed negligible loadingunloading signal changes over 5000 cycles. The superior sensing performances enabled real-time monitoring of a wide range of human motions (fore arm muscle movement, cheek motions, throat muscle stretching, and fi nger fl exion extension as well as human radial artery pulse).The fabrication process of AuNWs strain sensors is illustrated in Figure 1 a. First, a AuNWs solution (10 mg mL −1 ) was prepared following the previously published protocol. [ 38 ] Second, a latex rubber sheet was sandwiched between a fl at glass slide and a polyimide mask with a rectangular opening (25 × 5 mm 2 ). Then AuNWs solution (100 µL) was dropcasted onto the open area of polyimide mask and dried. After removing the glass slide and polyimide mask, a conductive AuNWs strip fi lm was obtained with a typical sheet resistance of 2.03 ± 0.95 MΩ.The AuNWs strip-fabrication approach was general, which could be extended to a variety of other polymeric substrates (PET, Eco-fl ex, PDMS, nitrile rubber, etc.) with uniform deposition and strong adhesion (Figure 1 b). After electrically wiring the AuNWs strip with two conductive threads, a skin-attachable and highly stretchable strain sensor was obtained (Figure 1 c). The conductive AuNWs fi lms were about 1.64 µm in thickness (Figure 1 c, top right), and with a top surface of nanowire-entangling and bundling morphologies resembling polymeric chains (Figure 1 c, bottom right).The thin AuNWs fi lms exhibited outstanding mechanical stretchability up to 300% without any observable cracking or fi lm detachment from latex rubber (Movie 1, Supporting Information). It also showed exceptional electrical conductivity recovery, superior to their corresponding sputter-coated gold fi lm or silver nanowires fi lm (Figure 1 d). The electrical resistance of AuNWs fi lm increased gradually and smoothly as the strain increased and recovered gradually and smoothly to the original conductivity as the strain was revered back to 0%. Such a fully reversible process was observed under a dynamic strain of 0%-100%-0% and almost no hysteresis was observed (Figure 1 d). In contrast, the sputter coated gold fi lm became completely insulative when the strain was over 30%, and remained insulative even when the strain was removed (0% strain) (Figure 1 e). It was also observed that irreversible cracks formed during stretching.Further investigation on silver nanowires (AgNWs) fi lm prepared by drop casting showed that its conductivity was lost Highly stretchable strain sensors will be key components in future wearable electronics with broad applications ranging from electronic skins, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] intelligent human/machine interactions, [ 11,12 ]...

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Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201400063mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchy Black Gold E‐Skin Nanopatches as Highly Sensitive Wearable Biomedical Sensors

Gong

Lai

et al. 2015

Adv Elect Materials

420

334

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“…Based on the measured average capacitance of 1.02 lF/cm 2 , the hole mobility for linear region is also calculated and listed in Table I, by utilizing a transport model for thin-film transistors (TFTs). 27 The mobility of holes in the device is around 14 cm 2 /VÁs, which is rather high among the results with solution processable rGO, 24,28 and meanwhile quite stable no matter what kind of strain is applied. We attribute this high mobility to the low defect density of our rGO flakes.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…In a previous work, rGO FETs are used as strain sensors, and it was reported in contrast that rGO flakes are ultrasensitive to the applied strain. 24 Comparing the dielectric of poly-4-vinyl phenol (PVP) in the previous report, the SAM with long alkyl chain (C 12 ) here in our work provides much more flexibility to the supported rGO, and thus makes the device very stable while different strain is applied. Besides this, we are able to carry out low voltage operation down to V GS ¼ 2 V based on the ultrathin hybrid dielectric of aluminum oxide and SAM, which is also critical for circuitry design and heat dissipation.…”

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confidence: 93%

Scalable self-assembled reduced graphene oxide transistors on flexible substrate

Wang

Eigler

Halik

2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In particular, the selection of suitable active materials plays an important role in dominating the performance of sensors. To date, various materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [11,[26][27][28][29][30], graphene [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], carbon black [41][42][43][44][45], conductive polymers [16,[46][47][48], metal nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires [21,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55], semiconductors [56,57], have been used as the active components for the fabrication of flexible sensors. Among these materials, metal NPs can be used to fabricate flexible sensors with high sensitivity, but the sensing range and stretchability of these sensors are limited [58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

et al. 2017

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Flexible and wearable sensors have drawn extensive concern due to their wide potential applications in wearable electronics and intelligent robots. Flexible sensors with high sensitivity, good flexibility, and excellent stability are highly desirable for monitoring human biomedical signals, movements and the environment. The active materials and the device structures are the keys to achieve high performance. Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon black and carbon nanofibers, are one of the most commonly used active materials for the fabrication of high-performance flexible sensors due to their superior properties. Especially, CNTs and graphene can be assembled into various multi-scaled macroscopic structures, including one dimensional fibers, two dimensional films and three dimensional architectures, endowing the facile design of flexible sensors for wide practical applications. In addition, the hybrid structured carbon materials derived from natural bio-materials also showed a bright prospect for applications in flexible sensors. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of flexible and wearable sensors based on the above various carbon materials. Following a brief introduction of flexible sensors and carbon materials, the fundamentals of typical flexible sensors, such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and humidity sensors, are presented. Then, the latest progress of flexible sensors based on carbon materials, including the fabrication processes, performance and applications, are summarized. Finally, the remaining major challenges of carbon-based flexible electronics are discussed and the future research directions are proposed. [56,57], have been used as the active components for the fabrication of flexible sensors. Among these materials, metal NPs can be used to fabricate flexible sensors with high sensitivity, but the sensing range and stretchability of these sensors are limited [58]. Besides, due to the limited chemical stability and reproducibility of metal nanowires, it is challenging to fabricate stable sensors using metal nanowires [10]. Similarly, conductive polymers with poor stability and conductivity are also difficult to be used for the fabrication of high-performance sensors [59]. In contrast, carbon materials are one of the most commonly investigated materials, especially CNTs and graphene (including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)), due to their remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. To implement macroscopic applications, CNTs and graphene with superior properties in microscopic level should be converted into macroscopic functional assemblies, such as one dimensional (1D) fibers or yarns [60,61], two dimensional (2D) films or sheets [62,63], three dimensional (3D) architectures [64][65][66] (Fig. 1). The multi-scaled macroscopic carbon nanomaterials endow the flexible sensors with high sensitivity, excellent flexibility and good stability as well as desired configurations. Also, lo...

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A Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide Field‐Effect Transistor for Ultrasensitive Strain Sensing

Cited by 146 publications

References 49 publications

Highly Stretchy Black Gold E‐Skin Nanopatches as Highly Sensitive Wearable Biomedical Sensors

Highly Stretchy Black Gold E‐Skin Nanopatches as Highly Sensitive Wearable Biomedical Sensors

Scalable self-assembled reduced graphene oxide transistors on flexible substrate

Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

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