“…A pioneering study demonstrated stimulus class membership that was established by stimulusreinforcer relations (Dube, McIlvane, Mackay, & Stoddard, 1987). Positive results have been reported in other studies using class-specific consequences to establish different types of baseline relations that support the emergence of equivalence relations: identity matching (Barros, Lionello-DeNolf, Dube, & McIlvane, 2006;Dube & McIlvane, 1995;Schenk, 1994;Silveira, Mackay, & de Rose, 2018;Varella & de Souza, 2015), arbitrary matching (Dube et al, 1987;Dube, McIlvane, Maguire, Mackay, & Stoddard, 1989;Goyos, 2000;Guld, 2005;Luffman, 2012;Johnson, Meleshkevich, & Dube, 2014;Joseph, Overmier, & Thompson, 1997;Minster, Jones, Elliffe, & Muthukumaraswamy, 2006;Schenk, 1994;Varella & de Souza, 2014), and arbitrary constructed response MTS (Calado, Assis, Barboza, & Barros, 2018). Specific consequences 1 could optimize teaching, given the increase in the number of relations that are potentially established without direct training (Pilgrim, 2020;Varella & de Souza, 2015;Vladescu & Kodak, 2013), fostering the learning of untrained relations when target responses to a stimulus are followed by consequences with extra nontarget stimuli (Reichow & Wolery, 2011;Vladescu & Kodak, 2013).…”