A Formal Definition for Nanorobots and Nanonetworks

Advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology resulted in tools that can be used to control, reuse, modify, and re-engineer cells' structure, as well as enabling engineers to effectively use biological cells as programmable substrates to realize Bio-NanoThings (biological embedded computing devices). Bio-NanoThings are tiny, non-intrusive, and concealable devices that can be used for in-vivo applications such as intra-body sensing and actuation networks, where the use of artificial devices can be detrimental. Bio-NanoThings are nano-scale devices used in various healthcare settings such as continuous health monitoring, targeted drug delivery, and nanosurgeries. These services can also be grouped to form a collaborative network called nanonetwork, whose performance can potentially be improved when connected to higher bandwidth external networks such as the Internet. However, to realize the IoBNT paradigm, it is also important to seamlessly connect the biological environment with the technological landscape, for example by having a dynamic interface designing to convert biochemical signals from the human body into an equivalent electromagnetic signal (and vice versa). However, this also risks the exposure of internal biological mechanisms to cyber-based sensing and medical actuation, with potential security and privacy implications. In this paper, we comprehensively review bio-cyber interface for IoBNT architecture, focusing on bio-cyber interfacing options for IoBNT like biologically inspired bio-electronic devices, RFID enabled implantable chips, and electronic tattoos. We also identify known and potential security and privacy vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies for consideration in future IoBNT designs and implementations.INDEX TERMS Bio-cyber interface, Internet of Bio-Nano Things, Bio-electronic device security, Bio-inspired security approaches I. INTRODUCTIONWith recent pandemics and the associated lockdown regime, there has been renewed, if not accelerated, interest, in exploring electronic and remote delivery of healthcare services. One of the recent trends is in the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) systems, which

show abstract

Section: A Bio-nano Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two types of Nanodevices, electronic nanodevice, and biological nanodevice. Electronic nanodevices use novel nanotechnology materials like Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) [49], [50] and Graphene Nano Ribbons [17] for device construction. Biological nanodevices are built using the tools from nanotechnology and synthetic biology.…”

Section: A Bio-nano Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Bio-Cyber Interface Technologies and Security Issues for Internet of Bio-Nano Things

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nano-network(s) can be potentially used in a wide range of applications and ields such as: (1) health ield (e.g. monitor human vital signs, drug delivery systems), (2) military ield (e.g. border control to prevent any penetration), (3) agricultural ield (e.g.…”

Section: Applications and Node Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nano-nodes possess sensors, actuators, a processor, and a memory. They can move and communicate with each other [2]. These nodes are limited in their computing capabilities, storage, and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-configuring asynchronous sleeping in heterogeneous networks

Medlej¹,

Dedu²,

Beydoun³

et al. 2021

ITU-J FET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, the heterogeneous wireless nano-network topology becomes a need for diverse applications based on heterogeneous networks composed of regions of different node densities. In Wireless Nano-networks (WNNs), nodes are of nano-metric size and can be potentially dense in terms of neighbouring nodes. Nano-nodes have limited resources in terms of processing, energy and memory capabilities. In nano-network(s), even in a communication range limited to tens of centimeters, thousands of neighbours can be found. We proposed a fine-grained duty-cycling method (sleeping mechanism), appropriate to nanonodes, which aims to reduce the number of receptions seen by a node during data packet routing. The present study reveals the usefulness of implementing the sleeping mechanism in heterogeneous networks, as well as configuring a dynamic awaken duration for nodes based on a density estimation algorithm. We also proposed an algorithm that helps in increasing the reliability of the packet received by the destination node.

show abstract

“…17 It also includes an optional component that serves as the nanorobot's structural foundation. 18 Similarly, microrobots can be defined as microscale structures with dimensions in the range of 0.5-2 μm (micrometres).…”

Section: : Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%