A Formaldehyde‐Free Water‐Resistant Soy Flour‐Based Adhesive for Plywood

Damodaran, Srinivasan; Zhu, Dan

doi:10.1007/s11746-016-2866-x

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some researchers have already focused themselves on improving the moisture resistance of these adhesives [ 8 , 9 ]. Several chemical modification strategies involving introduction of phenolic, thiol, maleyl, amine and hydroxyl groups into soy proteins have been attempted to improve the adhesive properties of ISP with limited success [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. A number of cross-linking agents were also used to increase the water resistance of soy adhesives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

et al. 2021

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Human health problems and formaldehyde emission from wood-based composites are some of the major drawbacks of the traditional synthetic adhesives such as urea formaldehyde resins. There have been many attempts to decrease formaldehyde emission and replace urea formaldehyde resins with bio-based adhesives for wood-based composites. Because of some weakness in soy-based adhesive, chemicals have been used as modifiers. Modified soy-based adhesives without any formaldehyde have been successfully used to prepare wood panels. To achieve this, different synthetic cross-linking chemicals such as phenol formaldehyde resins and polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin were used. However, in reality, what we need are totally green adhesives that use natural materials. In our previous research work, the use of tannins in combination with soy-based adhesives to make wood composites was investigated. Thus, in this research work, the feasibility of using three types of natural tannins (quebracho, mimosa and chestnut tannins) as cross-linking materials for soy adhesive was studied. The chemical bond formation and adhesion behaviors of tannin-modified soy adhesives were also investigated by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that at ambient temperature, both ionic and covalent bonds formed between tannin constituents and amino acids; however, at higher temperature, covalent bonds are largely predominate. Based on the results obtained from the thermo-mechanical analysis, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of soy adhesive is increased by adding tannins to its formulation. In addition, the chemical bond formation was proved by MALDI-ToF-MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

et al. 2021

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“…Combinations of soy meal with tannin, lignin, or clay may increase overall adhesion strength and improve water resistance. Such soy based adhesives are often designed for making wood and plywood products formaldehyde free . Taken together, both soy and zein are protein polymers that in the past have been considered for making adhesives for large scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strength Adhesives from Catechol Cross‐Linking of Zein Protein and Plant Phenolics

Schmidt

Hamaker

Wilker

2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Corn zein is a nontoxic protein that has found use in adhesive and coating materials for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and food applications. The degradability and amphiphilic properties of zein are attractive for materials design. Unmodified zein polymers, however, have drawbacks when it comes to adhesive strength, water resistance, and wet adhesion. Here, compositions of zein plus plant‐based phenolics including catechol, tannic acid, juglone, caffeic acid, quercetin, and gallic acid are examined. Combinations of zein with phenolic components from plants provide high strength adhesive bonding. These catechol‐containing phenolics may present an analogy to the cross‐linking chemistry of catechol found in mussel‐mimetic adhesives. Bonding is tested on dry and wet aluminum substrates using lap shear configurations. In each case, bond strengths are substantial and exceed the minimal bonding of zein only controls. Maximum adhesion for zein + catechol is 8 ± 1 MPa. Under similar conditions, commercial Super Glue bonds at 8 ± 2 MPa. Further results involve examinations of bond persistence on substrates submerged under water. Such results indicate that proper formulation efforts yield strong adhesives with some water resistance. These studies show that benign components from food can provide performance comparable to the petroleum‐based materials in current wide spread use.

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“…The bonding strengths of the hybrid adhesives are comparable to other soy protein‐based glues that possess dry lap shear strengths ranging from 1.91 to 6.40 MPa . They are higher than the adhesives derived from soy meal, but lower than those made with soy flour . Compared to typical synthetic wood glues made from formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate, or polyurethane, even the strongest formulation containing 50.0% HEA is drastically lower than the 12–22 MPa dry lap shear strengths that these adhesives acheive …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Plywood adhesives derived from distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) incorporating 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate

Biancaniello

Wang

Misra

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a byproduct of corn ethanol production, are currently used primarily as an alternative animal feed thanks to its high protein content and low cost. Previous research has developed a protein-based bioadhesive from DDGS. However, the adhesive does not possess the appropriate properties to compete with synthetic adhesives and other biobased adhesives. In this study, a bioadhesive is prepared from DDGS and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is incorporated to improve the bonding strength and moisture resistance. The greatest increase in lap-shear strength was observed in the adhesive containing 50% of the acrylic resin. Water resistance was absent from the original DDGS adhesive, but established upon the inclusion of HEA. HEA was found to self-polymerize under the hot-pressing conditions and form a co-continuous phase with the protein adhesive derived from DDGS. The strength of the adhesives was adequate for bonding plywood panels. More work must be done to further enhance the performance of the adhesives for wider applications.

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A Formaldehyde‐Free Water‐Resistant Soy Flour‐Based Adhesive for Plywood

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

High Strength Adhesives from Catechol Cross‐Linking of Zein Protein and Plant Phenolics

Plywood adhesives derived from distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) incorporating 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate

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