A fossil fern indicator of epiphytism in a Tertiary flora

Poole, Imogen; Page, C. N.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00739.x

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(Schneider & Kenrick 2001). Já angiospermas epífitas surgiram em passado recente, como indica a inexistência de fósseis em depósitos antigos (Poole & Page 2000). Pouca evidência fóssil foi observada até a metade do terciário (cerca de 50 m.a.…”

Section: Evolução E Estratégias Adaptativasunclassified

Epífitas vasculares: histórico, participação taxonómica e aspectos relevantes, com ênfase na Mata Atlântica

Kersten

2010

Hoehnea

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O Dossel é um ecossistema complexo e ecologicamente diverso, possuindo espécies, nichos e processos próprios. Dentre as diversas formas de vida que o compõem, destaca-se a epífita. Este trabalho procurou reunir informações sobre esta sinúsia estabelecendo padrões florísticos para as epífitas no bioma Mata Atlântica. A maioria das epífitas é monocotiledônea (63,5%), seguida das Monilophyta (16,4%), Eudicotiledôneas (14,1%), Magnoliídeas (4,5%) e Lycophyta (1,6%). As famílias mais ricas são Orchidaceae com 45,8 % das espécies, Bromeliaceae com 12,9%, Polypodiaceae, com 5,5%, Araceae, com 5,0% e Piperaceae, com 4,7%. O bioma inteiro suporta, possivelmente, até cerca de 3.300 espécies, 69% das quais observadas em zonas ecotonais, 60,6% na Floresta Ombrófila Densa, 42,4% nas Formações Edáficas de Primeira Ocupação, 25,5% nas Florestas Estacionais e 22,5% na Floresta Ombrófila Mista. São ainda apresentadas sessões sobre histórico dos estudos sobre epífitas, composição taxonômica, importância ecológica, distribuição geográfica, classificação, evolução e estratégias adaptativas e distribuição espacial, contendo revisão bibliográfica atualizada sobre estes assuntos.

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Section: Evolução E Estratégias Adaptativasunclassified

Epífitas vasculares: histórico, participação taxonómica e aspectos relevantes, com ênfase na Mata Atlântica

Kersten

2010

Hoehnea

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“…from the Upper Miocene of Georgia (Kolakovsky, ). Polypodium palaeoserratum Kolak. from the Upper Miocene of Georgia (Kolakovsky, ). Drynaria callispora T. Su et al from the Upper Pliocene of Yunnan, China (Su et al, ), assigned to the Drynarioideae. Drynaria dimorpha J. Y. Wu et B. N. Sun from the Upper Pliocene of Yunnan, China (Wu et al, ), assigned to the Drynarioideae. Poole & Page () reported a possible Polypodium rachis from the London Clay. Other fossils possibly related to Polypodiaceous, but with unconfirmed affinities, are reported by Kvaček ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first fossil Microsoroid fern (Palaeosorum ellipticum gen. et sp. nov.) from the middle Miocene of Yunnan, SW China

Jacques

Zhou

2013

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The microsoroid ferns make up a large group in the family Polypodiaceae, easily characterized by the combination of at least partly clathrate rhizome scales and anastomosing reticulate venation. The diversification of this clade is poorly known, both because of unresolved generic delimitations and the lack of fossil records. In this work, we describe the first microsoroid macrofossil: Palaeosorum ellipticum sp. nov. F. M. B. Jacques & Z. K. Zhou. The fossil specimen, represented by part and counterpart, was found in the middle Miocene sediment of the Dajie Formation in Ailsohan, central Yunnan, southwest China. Epiphytic ferns belonging to Drynaria are found in different locations in Yunnan during the Pliocene. The fossil described in this study deepens the occurrence of epiphytic ferns in Yunnan back to the middle Miocene. It demonstrates that forests with complex ecological relationships have existed in southwest China for more than 10 million years.

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“…These include the components of the "twig flora", such as fern rachides (Collinson and Ribbins 1977;Ribbins and Collinson 1978;Poole and Page 2000;Collinson 2001), twig woods (e.g., Poole and Wilkinson 2000;Poole et al 2002 and references therein), and hypocotyls of the mangrove plant Ceriops (Wilkinson 1981(Wilkinson , 1983.…”

Section: Missing Cellular Detailmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian) conserved in silicone oil: a critical evaluation

Collinson

Adams

Manchester

et al. 2016

Botany

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Pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian; England) in the NHMUK are stored in silicone oil to retard decay processes. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has revealed internal morphology for multiple holotypes (including severely cracked and encrusted specimens) scanned in the protective fluid. Silicone oil alone has a similar X-ray attenuation to parts of the specimens, causing minor uncertainty for digitally rendered surfaces, but key systematic characters are readily visualized. Further work is needed to optimize visualization of fine-scale cellular detail. Labelling and segmentation to visualize important structures is achievable with these micro-CT datasets. However, manual labelling of individual slices is required, and defining boundaries between features can be difficult due to differential pyritization and silicone oil permeation. Digital sections through specimens can be made in any orientation and digital locule casts can be produced for studies in virtual taphonomy. These achievements have been accomplished with minimal risk to specimens, which remained in silicone oil and were studied within the museum. The datasets provide a potentially permanent record of at-risk specimens, can be made widely available to researchers unable to visit the collections and to other interested parties, and they enable monitoring for future conservation.Key words: early Eocene, fossil plants, fruits and seeds, London Clay Formation, micro-CT, Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK). Résumé :Des fruits et des graines perminéralisées à la pyrite de la formation de London Clay (Yprésien ; Angleterre) sont conservés au NHMUK dans l'huile de silicone pour retarder le processus de dégradation. La micro-tomographie aux rayons-X assistée par ordinateur (micro-CT) a révélé la morphologie interne de plusieurs holotypes (y compris des spécimens sévèrement fissurés et incrustés) balayés dans le liquide protecteur. L'huile de silicone seule présente une atténuation des rayons-X similaire aux parties des spécimens, causant une incertitude mineure en ce qui concerne les surfaces interprétées de manière digitale, mais les caractères systématiques clés sont rapidement visualisés. Du travail supplémentaire est nécessaire afin d'optimiser la visualisation de détails cellulaires à échelle fine. Le marquage et la segmentation pour visualiser les structures importantes sont réalis-ables avec ces jeux de données en micro-CT. Cependant, le marquage manuel de sections individuelles est néces-saire et il peut être difficile de définir les frontières entre les éléments à cause de la pyritisation et la perméance

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A fossil fern indicator of epiphytism in a Tertiary flora

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Epífitas vasculares: histórico, participação taxonómica e aspectos relevantes, com ênfase na Mata Atlântica

Epífitas vasculares: histórico, participação taxonómica e aspectos relevantes, com ênfase na Mata Atlântica

The first fossil Microsoroid fern (Palaeosorum ellipticum gen. et sp. nov.) from the middle Miocene of Yunnan, SW China

X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian) conserved in silicone oil: a critical evaluation

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