A Fractal Based Image Watermarking for Authentication and Verification

Fractal-based watermarking of color images

“…14 Another example that uses fractal block coding is by Kiani and Moghaddam. 15 Rongrong and Qiuqi employ the use of fractal dimensions on the RGB representations to determine which blocks to embed the watermark in the image. 16 Sulaiman and Baji use fractal coding in their watermarking algorithm.…”

“…[14][15][16][17] Common uses for fractals include fractal block coding for image compression, fractal coding, and the determination of fractal dimensions for an image. Pi., Li, and Li use fractal block coding for image compression before embedding the digital watermark.…”

“…Spatial and transform domain based embedding techniques are commonly used in digital watermarking. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Generally most transform-based watermarking methods are considered more robust than spatially based ones; however, many spatially based techniques can be more easily implemented for use in real-time as fewer calculations may be needed. For many applications the watermark should be transparent and robust to removal as well as common image processing functions or the watermark should be fragile to easily tell if the watermark has been tampered with.…”