A fragile watermarking algorithm for image tamper detection based on chaotic maps

Lazarov, Nikodim; Ilcheva, Zlatoliliya

doi:10.1109/is.2016.7737391

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Arnold's cat map can also be used to watermark an image or video, which is useful for tamper detection. In [13] and [14], there are some good examples of image watermarking, and [15] for video watermarking using Arnold's cat map.…”

Section: Arnold's Cat Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chaos-Based Image Encryption Using Arnold’s Cat Map Confusion and Henon Map Diffusion

Ratna¹,

Surya²,

Husna³

et al. 2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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This research designed an image encryption system that focused on securing teledermatology data in the form of skin disease images. The encryption and decryption process of this system is done on the client side using chaos-based encryption with confusion and diffusion techniques. Arnold's cat map is the chaotic map model used for confusion, while the Henon map is used for diffusion. The initial values of both chaotic maps are obtained from a 30-digit secret key that is generated using Diffie-Hellman key exchange. During Arnold's cat map generation, different p and q values are used for every iteration. On the other side, the precision of the Henon map's x and y values is 10-14. From the tests that have been done, histograms of the encrypted images are relatively flat and distributed through all the gray values. Moreover, the encrypted images have average correlation coefficients of 0.003877 (horizontal), -0.00026 (vertical) and -0.00049 (diagonal) and an average entropy of 7.950304. According to the key sensitivity test, a difference of just one number in the secret key causes big differences, as both results have a similarity index of 0.005337 (0.5%). Meanwhile, in the decryption process, that small key difference cannot be used to restore the encrypted image to its original form and generate another chaotic image with average entropies of 7.964909333 (secret key difference) and 7.994861667 (private key difference).

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Section: Arnold's Cat Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chaos-Based Image Encryption Using Arnold’s Cat Map Confusion and Henon Map Diffusion

Ratna¹,

Surya²,

Husna³

et al. 2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,3 Security of digital data is no longer an abstract concept, but has become a necessity in recent years. 4 The most popular methods used in literature for protecting and authenticating the images are digital signature 5 and digital watermarking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These digital data can easily be modified and manipulated by using digital image editing tools 2,3 . Security of digital data is no longer an abstract concept, but has become a necessity in recent years 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Frei‐Chen based fragile watermarking method for authentication of an image

Renklier

Öztürk

2022

Concurrency and Computation

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In recent years, the protection of the intellectual property rights of digital media has become a considerable issue. Especially using digital image editing tools has made it very easy and fast to manipulate images. Therefore, manipulation detection of digital images has become a necessity. This article presents a novel Frei‐Chen based self‐embedding fragile watermarking technique implemented to 3×3 blocks for image manipulate detection. The block key and the Frei‐Chen based block feature are calculated from the non‐overlapping image blocks of size 3×3. Exclusive‐OR operations are applied to the Frei‐Chen based block feature and the block key. After, a nine bit block authentication key is generated from the Frei‐Chen based block feature and the block key. Then the generated authentication key is embedded in the least significant bits of each block. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method through the detection of the various attacks and obtain the excellent visual quality of watermarked images. Also, the results demonstrate that the proposed method detects all of the manipulated areas plainly.

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“…There are multiple image authentication schemes based on fragile watermark proposed by scholars [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, some of them only pursue the accuracy of tampering detection and the quality of recovered image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security analysis of a self-embedding fragile image watermark scheme

Gong¹,

Yu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Recently, a self-embedding fragile watermark scheme based on reference-bits interleaving and adaptive selection of embedding mode was proposed. Reference bits are derived from the scrambled MSB bits of a cover image, and then are combined with authentication bits to form the watermark bits for LSB embedding. We find this algorithm has a feature of block independence of embedding watermark such that it is vulnerable to a collage attack. In addition, because the generation of authentication bits via hash function operations is not related to secret keys, we analyze this algorithm by a multiple stego-image attack. We find that the cost of obtaining all the permutation relations of l • b 2 watermark bits of each block (i.e., equivalent permutation keys) is about (l • b 2 )! for the embedding mode (m, l), where m MSB layers of a cover image are used for generating reference bits and l LSB layers for embedding watermark, and b × b is the size of image block. The simulation results and the statistical results demonstrate our analysis is effective.

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A fragile watermarking algorithm for image tamper detection based on chaotic maps

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Chaos-Based Image Encryption Using Arnold’s Cat Map Confusion and Henon Map Diffusion

Chaos-Based Image Encryption Using Arnold’s Cat Map Confusion and Henon Map Diffusion

A novel Frei‐Chen based fragile watermarking method for authentication of an image

Security analysis of a self-embedding fragile image watermark scheme

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