A framework for estimating the safety effects of roadway lighting at intersections

Case–control and cross-sectional methods for estimating crash modification factors: Comparisons from roadway lighting and lane and shoulder width safety effect studies

“…As noted by Donnell et al (2010), differences between past lighting-safety literature and regression modeling approaches similar to those applied in the present study are expected and likely due to the inclusion of traffic volume, intersection geometry, and traffic control features in model estimation. Additionally, unlike many past lighting-safety studies (see Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, 1992; Elvik, 1995 for synthesis of results), the modeling approach used in this study is based on expected crash frequency rather than observed crash counts, and does not assume that the relationship between crash frequency and traffic volume is linear, which may lead to incorrect conclusions related to intersection safety performance (Persaud, 2001).…”

“…Several examples are published in the highway safety literature for intersections (e.g., Poch & Mannering, 1996;Bauer & Harwood, 1996;Washington, Persaud, Lyon, & Oh, 2005;Donnell, Porter, & Shankar, 2010) and rural road segments (e.g., Shankar, Mannering, & Barfield, 1995;Vogt & Bared, 1998). A negative binomial regression model relates a crash count as a lefthand-side (LHS) variable to a number of right-hand-side (RHS) variables, coefficients that quantify magnitudes of relationships between LHS and RHS variables, and a disturbance term.…”

Analyzing Traffic Crash Severity in Work Zones under Different Light Conditions

“…Some studies (e.g., [13]) found that drivers are less likely to be injured in a construction work zone under darkness (with good illumination) than under daylight conditions. Moreover, researchers found that crash prediction models can reveal detailed information about contributing factors [14][15][16]. For example, Ullman et al [17] found that some contributing factors are significant in a daytime crash rate model (e.g., low speed limit and the number of entering ramps per lane per mile), while others become significant in a nighttime model (e.g., snow and percentage of trucks).…”

The effects of lighting on driver's injury severity at highway‐rail grade crossings

“…A previous observational study comparing crashes at highway intersections with and without fixed lighting showed 25% lower nighttime crash rates, 39% fewer nighttime crashes, and 31% lower night‐to‐day crash ratios at highway intersections at intersections with fixed lighting . Before‐after studies show reductions in nighttime crash rates of 45–52%, reduction in nighttime crash frequency of 13–49%, reductions in night‐to‐day crash ratios of 22–40%, and substantial reductions in fatal and injury crashes following installation of intersection lighting.…”