A framework for use of wireless sensor networks in forest fire detection and monitoring

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks have a broad range of applications in the category of environmental monitoring. In this thesis, we consider the problem of forest fire detection and monitoring as a possible application area of wireless sensor networks. Forest fires are one of the main causes of environmental degradation nowadays. The current surveillance systems for forest fires lack in supporting real-time monitoring of every point of the region at all time and early detection of the fire threats. Solutions using wireless sensor networks, on the other hand, can gather temperature and humidity values from all points of field continuously, day and night, and, provide fresh and accurate data to the fire fighter center quickly. However, sensor networks and nodes face serious obstacles like limited energy resources and high vulnerability to harsh environmental conditions, that have to be considered carefully.In our study, we propose a comprehensive framework for the use of wireless sensor networks for forest fire detection and monitoring. Our framework includes proposals for the wireless sensor network architecture, clustering and communication protocols, and environment/season-aware activity-rate selection schemes to detect the fire threat as early as possible and yet consider the energy consumption of the sensor nodes and the physical conditions that may hinder the activity of the network. We also implemented a simulator to validate and evaluate our proposed framework, which is using an external fire simulator library. We did extensive simulation experiments and observed that our framework can provide fast reaction to forest fires while also consuming energy efficiently. Kablosuz duyarga agları kullanılarak dogal ortamların izlenmesiüzerine biŗ cok uygulama alanı geliştirilmiştir. Bu tezçalışmamızda, bizler de orman yangınlarının erken tespitinde ve yangının izlenmesi sürecinde kablosuz duyarga aglarını kullanarak bir sistem tasarladık. Orman yangınları dünyadaçevresel tahribata neden olan başlıca sebeplerden biridir. Şu anki yangın gözetleme ve takip sistemleri ormanları anlık olarak bütünüyle izleme ve olası bir yangın tehlikesiniönceden tespit etme konusunda başarısız olmaktadır.Öte yandan, kablosuz duyarga aglarını kullanarak geliştirilençözümler sıcaklık ve nem degerlerini, anlık olarak, sahanın farklı noktalarından, gece ve gündüz farketmeksizin sürekli olarak alabilmekte ve de merkezi birimlere taze ve güvenilir bilgi sunabilmektedir. Fakat, duyarga aglarında kullanılan duyarga dügümleri kısıtlı enerji kaynaklarına sahiptir ve zorlu dış koşullara karşı dayanıklı degillerdir. Geliştirilen uygulamalarda bu engellerin dikkatli birşekilde ele alınması gereklidir.Tezçalışmamızda kablosuz duyarga aglarını kullanarak orman yangınlarını erken tespit etmek ve izleyebilmek amacıyla geniş kapsamlı bir sistem geliştirdik. Sundugumuz sistem kablosuz duyarga aglarıyla ilgili bir ag altyapısı, dügümlerin ormana yerleştirilmesi ile ilgiliözel bir mekanizma ve dügümlerin küme içi ve kümeler arası iletişim protokollerini içermektedi...

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“…Aslan et al [4] proposed a simulation framework to monitor and detect a possible forest fire. The operation of the nodes depends on terrain, current weather forecasts and season of the year.…”

“…These networks have found their applications in various domains such as automated irrigation system [2], telemonitoring system for healthcare [3], forest fire monitoring [4] and air pollution monitoring system [5].…”

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“…Another important area of their application is the agriculture, such as lowcost greenhouse monitoring (Srbinovska et al, 2015). They are also used for monitoring, detection and real-time management of disasters such as forest fires (Aslan et al, 2012), landslides (Ramesh, 2014) and earthquakes (Faulkner et al, 2011). Besides, WHANs (Wireless Home Automation Networks) (Gomez and Paradells, 2010) to monitor and control smart home management applications.…”

Distributed Global Function Model Finding for Wireless Sensor Network Data

“…Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed and applied to many fields, such as smart grid [2], agriculture [3,4], environment monitoring [5,6], and the military [7]. In these applications, because of the large number and wide distribution of sensors, the data from sensors is characterized by high dimension, large amount, and wide distribution [8,9].…”