A Framework for Web Science

Berners‐Lee, Tim; Weitzner, Daniel J.; Hall, Wendy; O’Hara, Kieron; Shadbolt, Nigel; Hendler, James A.

doi:10.1561/1800000001

Cited by 226 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…This study identifies three kinds of digital system: hardware, software and social machines. Social machine [13] is a term from web science [27], coined by web pioneer Berners-Lee [28]. Here, it means sociotechnical systems where people are mediated by digital hardware and software.…”

Section: Environmental Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Taxonomy for Sustainability

Townsend¹

2015

Advances in Computer Science Research

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Abstract-Previous strategic analyses of the field of ICT for sustainability (ICT4S) have often underplayed the role of ICTs in linking large numbers of people, in shaping and transferring ideas, and also the range of sustainability effects that ICTs can cause.The Digital Taxonomy for Sustainability (digitaltaxonomy.com) was developed to address this, through a qualitative analysis of over 500 ICT4S company descriptions. It classifies a digital system (software, hardware or social machine) by the digital "means" it employs and the sustainability "ends" it achieves. The possibilities are mapped out with two component taxonomies. The Sustainability Taxonomy identifies around 20 possible sustainability effects of a digital system, such as the sustainable use of natural resources. The Digital Taxonomy identifies over 80 genres of digital system organised onto a matrix. The rows distinguish how the increasing power of digital systems (the digital capabilities) can be applied to the various stages necessary for achieving change, the change processes that form the columns of the matrix. The indirect change processes (assessing, innovating, and adopting) develop and propagate ideas or things to cause the effects, whilst the driving change process acts to cause the effects directly. The digital capabilities are the three ways ICTs can engage with people to drive change: for artificial capability, the ICT provides the action automatically; for augmented capability, the ICT guides them, to inform and influence their behaviour; and for collective capability, the ICT connects them with others, developing networks that link supply and demand. The rapid development and proliferation of ICTs is increasing the power of all three capabilities. This systematic mapping out of the structure of the industry and the field may help stakeholders coordinate, raise external awareness, and inform the development of theory. In particular, it helps identify opportunities for new and better ICT4S systems.

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Section: Environmental Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Taxonomy for Sustainability

Townsend¹

2015

Advances in Computer Science Research

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“…The term Web Science was first introduced by Berners-Lee in [3]. It has since given origin to large international research efforts, including The Web Science Trust [24].…”

Section: Publishing Sensor Data On the Web -A Few Web Science Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea is to access data collected by thousands of individual researchers, but which are difficult to find. Publication of these data on the Web makes sure they become public, but does not ensure their accessibility, nor their visibility (both of which Web Science concerns [3]). …”

Section: Publishing Sensor Data On the Web -A Few Web Science Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Handling and publishing wireless sensor network data: a hands-on experiment

Koga

Medeiros²,

Branquinho³

2011

JCIS

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ABSTRACTeScience research, in computer science, concerns the development of tools, models and techniques to help scientists from other domains to develop their own research. One problem which is common to all fields is concerned with the management of heterogeneous data, offering multiple interaction possibilities. This paper presents a proposal to help solve this problem, tailored to wireless sensor data -an important data source in eScience. This proposal is illustrated with a case study.

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“…SW ( [1], [2], [3], and [4]) is one of those disruptive technologies which tend to be talked about years before their coming of age. One of the visions presented in [1] was that of agents replacing humans for simple everyday tasks like buying tickets for a concert or making appointments to the doctor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic Multimodal Ontologies for Human-Agent Interaction

Brașoveanu

Manolescu

Spînu

2010

INT J COMPUT COMMUN

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Watching the evolution of the Semantic Web (SW) from its inception to these days we can easily observe that the main task the developers face while building it is to encode the human knowledge into ontologies and the human reasoning into dedicated reasoning engines. Now, the SW needs to have efficient mechanisms to access information by both humans and artificial agents. The most important tools in this context are ontologies. The last years have been dedicated to solving the infrastructure problems related to ontologies: ontology management, ontology matching, ontology adoption, but as time goes by and these problems are better understood the research interests in this area will surely shift towards the way in which agents will use them to communicate between them and with humans. Despite the fact that interface agents could be bilingual, it would be more efficient, safe and swift that they should use the same language to communicate with humans and with their peers. Since anthropocentric systems entail nowadays multimodal interfaces, it seems suitable to build multimodal ontologies. Generic ontologies are needed when dealing with uncertainty. Multimodal ontologies should be designed taking into account our way of thinking (mind maps, visual thinking, feedback, logic, emotions, etc.) and also the processes in which they would be involved (multimodal fusion and integration, error reduction, natural language processing, multimodal fission, etc.). By doing this it would be easier for us (and also fun) to use ontologies, but in the same time the communication with agents (and also agent to agent talk) would be enhanced. This is just one of our conclusions related to why building generic multimodal ontologies is very important for future semantic web applications.

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A Framework for Web Science

Cited by 226 publications

References 147 publications

Digital Taxonomy for Sustainability

Digital Taxonomy for Sustainability

Handling and publishing wireless sensor network data: a hands-on experiment

Generic Multimodal Ontologies for Human-Agent Interaction

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