A ˋFree City'? The Zakopane of Władysław Gomułka, 1956–1970

Metaphysical Poems

“…The metaphysical dimension is also prominent in several poems written by Mickiewicz during his first stay in Paris (1832Paris ( -1838. 95 Here we enter the realm of poems which remained unpublished during Mickiewicz's life: the versions we have were never finally approved by him, and remain somewhat in the shadow of the other works he wrote and published in these Parisian years, of which the most important is Pan Tadeusz (1834), which in Polish culture enjoys the status of a national epic. It describes the life and customs of Polish nobility in the regions of what was the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before the Partitions.…”

“…By your command the sea is kept in its shores And it is afraid to transgress the appointed boundaries. 95 The idea that the world is an expression of God's mind derives from Middle Platonism, in which the Platonic Ideas were interpreted as existing in God's mind as thoughts. Saint-Martin follows this tradition, when he claims that the world is expression of God's thoughts.96 He also uses the motif of Deus Artifex:…”