A fresh outlook on the smooth-spored species of Inocybe: type studies and 18 new species

Abstract

On the basis of detailed morphological and molecular investigation, eighteen new species of Inocybe (I. alberichiana, I. beatifica, I. bellidiana, I. clandestina, I. drenthensis, I. dryadiana, I. gaiana, I. ghibliana, I. grusiana, I. knautiana, I. lampetiana, I. oetziana, I. orionis, I. plurabellae, I. rivierana, I. scolopacis, I. sitibunda and I. tiburtina) are described. All of them are smooth-spored, and most of them are pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe. The new species are compared to 40 type specimens, all of which are described here and for several of which (partial) ITS sequences have been generated. For eight species, epi-, lecto- or neotypes were selected, among these are I. geophylla, I. glabripes and I. tigrina. Based on these studies, we suggest twelve synonymies, i.e. that I. clarkii is synonymous with I. sindonia, I. conformata with I. cincinnata, I. elegans with I. griseolilacina, I. fuscidula with I. glabripes, I. griseotarda with I. psammobrunnea, I. obscurella with I. obscuroides, I. obscuromellea with I. semifulva, I. patibilis and I. tigrinella with I. tigrina, I. petroselinolens with I. tenuicystidiata and I. rubidofracta with I. pseudorubens and I. subporospora is synonymized with I. tjallingiorum. All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. Among the previously described species accepted here, sixteen are represented by types in the phylogenetic analyses and ten by own collections morphologically corresponding to the type. In summary, we here verify or provide morphological concepts associated with molecular data for 44 smooth-spored species of Inocybe.

Fibre caps across Europe: type studies and 11 new species of Inocybe (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

“…Of these genera, Inocybe is still by far the largest with an estimated 850 species worldwide (matheny et al 2020)-a number that will undoubtedly rapidly increase as further studies proceed from parts of the world such as Africa (e.g., aïgnon et al 2021aAfrica (e.g., aïgnon et al , 2021bAfrica (e.g., aïgnon et al , 2021cBuyck et al 2021Buyck et al , 2022, India (latha & manimohan 2015India (latha & manimohan , 2016India (latha & manimohan , 2017 and China (Fan & Bau 2010, 2013Fan et al 2018;mao et al 2022), where DNA-based Inocybe studies only started recently. Only in the last five years, more than 200 new species have been described in the genus considering molecular data from all over the world (e.g., BanDini et al 2017BanDini et al , 2019aBanDini et al , 2019bBanDini et al , 2019cBanDini et al , 2020aBanDini et al , 2020bBanDini et al , 2020cBanDini et al , 2021aBanDini et al , 2021bBanDini et al , 2021cBanDini et al , 2022aBanDini et al , 2022besteVe-raVentós et al 2017matheny & Bougher 2017;larsson et al 2018a, 2018bmatheny & sWenie 2018;cripps et al 2019b;cerVini 2021;DoVana et al 2021;Mešić et al 2021;larsson & Vauras 2021).…”

“…In fact, there are species that are pruinose over the entire length but only very sparely so in the lower half, sometimes giving the impression of being pruinose only near the apex. This is for instance the case of I. perchtana Bandini & B. Oertel (BanDini et al 2020a) or I. beatifica Bandini & B. Oertel (BanDini et al 2021c). Furthermore, there are species, such as I. sindonia (Fr.)…”

“…Species delimitation followed the same principles used in earlier publications (BanDini et al 2021c(BanDini et al , 2022a, namely that species are described as new if they differ from existing species by the combination of at least three independent characters that are constant among representatives of the new species, and the representatives of the new species are monophyletic in phylogenetic ITS (ITS + LSU) analyses. Constant ecological differences between new and existing species are considered as meaningful, but neither ecological nor ITS differences were used unless supported by morphological differences.…”

“…Constant ecological differences between new and existing species are considered as meaningful, but neither ecological nor ITS differences were used unless supported by morphological differences. Taxa were considered as synonymous if the overall impression of the species was very similar, if no constant characters could be found that separated the two species, and if neither pronounced ecological preferences nor molecular data (if available) indicated that the two species might be cryptic (BanDini et al 2021c).…”

“…The features of the caulocystidia directly below the lamellae form a character that we started to use relatively recently ( BanDini et al 2017), but that we have since found to be very useful for species recognition in Inocybe. For all species newly epitypified, holo-or lectotype studies were published in BanDini et al (2021c) or are published here. Studies of the selected epitypes are included here, mentioning all characters that are important for the recognition of the species.…”