A Fuel Cell Based Sensing Platform for Selective Detection of Acetone in Hyperglycemic Patients

Abstract

Elevated level of acetone in breath or sweat is an indication of type-I diabetes, which can turn into 'ketoacidosis'a serious hyperglycemic condition. Continuous monitoring is a challenge among the conventional sensing methods. Though real-time detection of acetone from different biofluids is promising, signal interference from other biomarkers remains an issue. A minor fluctuation of the signals in micro-ampere range causes substantial overlapping in linear/polynomial calibration fittings. To address the above in non-invasive detection, principal component analysis (PCA) was demonstrated which generated specific pattern for the different concentration points of acetone in the subspace. It improves the overlapping of the signals in between of two or different concentration points of the data sets and eliminate dimensionality and redundancy of data variables. An algorithm following PCA was incorporated into the microcontroller (nRF51822) for the functionality of wearable device in a selective manner in the physiological range (0.5 ppm to 4 ppm) of acetone.

Current technological trends in biosensors, nanoparticle devices and biolabels: Hi‐tech network sensing applications

“…More recently, photonic crystal-based biosensors have been bio-fabricated for sensing various bio-targets such as cells, pathogens, proteins, antibodies and nucleic acids with high specificity and efficiency for disease-array analysis (Inan et al, 2017). In addition, multimodal electrochemical methods incorporating both open circuit potential and amperometry have been developed for specific ethanol detection using micro-fuel cell sensor system, which therefore provides basis for analysing single analyte in the presence of multiple analytes (Jalal, Umasankar, Gonzalez, Alfonso, & Bhansali, 2017). This type of sensors helps to eliminate humidity interference to detect volatile analytes.…”

Highly Stable Low-Cost Electrochemical Gas Sensor with an Alcohol-Tolerant N,S-Codoped Non-Precious Metal Catalyst Air Cathode

“…) − and road transportation safety (ethanol), − but also fabricated into personal health electronics for health monitoring and disease diagnosis (ethanol, acetone, NO, NH 3 , etc. ). ,− In a typical EGS, a common two-electrode or three-electrode design based on the fuel cell technology is employed. This consists of a working electrode (WE), a counter electrode (CE), a reference electrode in the three-electrode design, and the liquid or solid electrolyte .…”

“…This consists of a working electrode (WE), a counter electrode (CE), a reference electrode in the three-electrode design, and the liquid or solid electrolyte . High-loading Pt-based catalysts are not only commonly used to catalyze the oxidation reactions of targeted gases (H 2 , , CO, − NH 3 , , H 2 S, , SO 2 , ethanol, − acetone, acetaldehyde, etc. ) in the WE, but also functioned as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in the CE. − Such extensive use of the Pt-based catalyst significantly increases the cost of EGSs, boosting the cost of the integrated IoT system and personal health electronics.…”

“…High-loading Pt-based catalysts are not only commonly used to catalyze the oxidation reactions of targeted gases (H 2 , , CO, − NH 3 , , H 2 S, , SO 2 , ethanol, − acetone, acetaldehyde, etc. ) in the WE, but also functioned as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in the CE. − Such extensive use of the Pt-based catalyst significantly increases the cost of EGSs, boosting the cost of the integrated IoT system and personal health electronics. Furthermore, the poisoning of targeted gases (VOCs, CO, H 2 S, etc. )…”

“…Furthermore, the poisoning of targeted gases (VOCs, CO, H 2 S, etc. ) for the Pt-based catalysts in the EGSs running under ambient conditions further aggravates the deterioration of sensor performance over the long run. − ,,, Therefore, to develop next-generation, low-cost, and reliable EGSs for the emerging applications, Pt-based catalysts in EGSs need to be further engineered or replaced.…”