A Fully Coupled Numerical Method for Coated Conductor HTS Coils in HTS Generators

Huang, Xiangyu; Huang, Zhen; Xu, Xiaoyong; Wang, Longbiao; Li, Wan; Jin, Zhijian

doi:10.1109/tasc.2020.2982399

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, the H-formulation has been employed in the superconducting parts, and the A-formulation has been used in the outer iron stator poles. A T-A formulation-based 2D numerical model for simulating a large-scale superconducting stack/coil has been exploited in [86,90,[97][98][99][100]. The T-formulation has been used to calculate the current density in superconductors, and the A-formulation has been employed to obtain the magnetic flux density in the whole space.…”

Section: Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both [96] and [97] demonstrate that the numerical modelling of moving superconductors does not present additional difficulties compared with static cases. In [97,98], the electromagnetic results calculated based on the T-A formulation have been compared with those from the H−A formulation. Due to the thin-film approximation adopted in the T-A formulation, the T-A formulation has been proven to be more efficient and time saving than the H-A formulation.…”

Section: Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines

Zhang¹,

Wen²,

Grilli

et al. 2021

Energies

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Superconductor technology has recently attracted increasing attention in power-generation- and electrical-propulsion-related domains, as it provides a solution to the limited power density seen by the core component, electrical machines. Superconducting machines, characterized by both high power density and high efficiency, can effectively reduce the size and mass compared to conventional machine designs. This opens the way to large-scale purely electrical applications, e.g., all-electrical aircrafts. The alternating current (AC) loss of superconductors caused by time-varying transport currents or magnetic fields (or both) has impaired the efficiency and reliability of superconducting machines, bringing severe challenges to the cryogenic systems, too. Although much research has been conducted in terms of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of AC loss and its reduction methods, AC loss remains a crucial problem for the design of highly efficient superconducting machines, especially for those operating at high speeds for future aviation. Given that a critical review on the research advancement regarding the AC loss of superconductors has not been reported during the last dozen years, especially combined with electrical machines, this paper aims to clarify its research status and provide a useful reference for researchers working on superconducting machines. The adopted superconducting materials, analytical formulae, modelling methods, measurement approaches, as well as reduction techniques for AC loss of low-temperature superconductors (LTSs) and high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) in both low- and high-frequency fields have been systematically analyzed and summarized. Based on the authors’ previous research on the AC loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors (CCs), stacks, and coils at high frequencies, the challenges for the existing AC loss quantification methods have been elucidated, and multiple suggestions with respect to the AC loss reduction in superconducting machines have been put forward. This article systematically reviews the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of AC loss as well as its reduction techniques in superconductors applied to electrical machines for the first time. It is believed to help deepen the understanding of AC loss and deliver a helpful guideline for the future development of superconducting machines and applied superconductivity.

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Section: Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines

Zhang¹,

Wen²,

Grilli

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…In this work, the T-A formulation is used to study the electromagnetic behaviour and estimate the losses in the superconducting tapes. This formulation has already been used in previous studies to model cross-sections of superconducting electrical machines with a few hundred tapes [19], [20], [21], [22]. This methodology requires the current as a function of time in each superconducting tape.…”

Section: Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total losses in the superconducting windings can be obtained by multiplying the result of (9) by the number of coil groups (6), the number of pole pairs (20), active length of the machine (2.4 m) and nominal frequency (3.33 Hz). This results in a total loss of 46.85 kW.…”

Section: B Design With Iron Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate losses in phase A coil group, we can integrate again the dissipation by using (9). The total losses in all the coils of the machine can be obtained if we multiply by the number of coil groups (6), the number of pole pairs (20), active length of the machine (3.7 m) and nominal frequency (3.33 Hz). This results in a total loss of 39.81 kW.…”

Section: Slotless Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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T-A Formulation for the Design and AC Loss Calculation of a Superconducting Generator for a 10 MW Wind Turbine

2020

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The current capacity of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) has encouraged several applications of these materials in electric power systems. These applications in electrical machines represent a promising solution for more compact and efficient designs. Despite no measurable resistance in the superconducting state, HTS could experience losses under time changing transport current or magnetic field. Therefore, loss estimation is a key input for the design. Maxwell's equations in the T-A formulation form can be used to model and estimate losses in the superconducting tapes of an electrical machine. This formulation requires the current as a function of time in each superconducting tape as an input. A methodology to calculate this current distribution is presented in this article. The procedure introduces a previous step in the building model process and allows a better connection of the machine design with the estimation of losses in the superconductor in order to get a more efficient machine. The approach is applied to a 10 MW superconducting generator, where over one thousand tapes cross-sections are modelled in 2D. The superconductor's non-linear behaviour and critical current density anisotropy are considered. Losses are estimated for different designs and a sensitivity analysis is presented for different temperatures and frequencies, in addition to other alternatives to reduce losses. INDEX TERMS AC Losses, superconducting generator, high-temperature superconductors, T-A formulation.

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High temperature superconducting rotating electrical machines: An overview

2023

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A Fully Coupled Numerical Method for Coated Conductor HTS Coils in HTS Generators

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines

Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines

T-A Formulation for the Design and AC Loss Calculation of a Superconducting Generator for a 10 MW Wind Turbine

High temperature superconducting rotating electrical machines: An overview

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